Synthesis and biological evaluation of triazole analogues of antillatoxin
摘要:
Antillatoxin 1, a cyclic lipopeptide, is known as an activator of voltage-gated sodium channels and exhibits potent neurotoxicity toward Neuro 2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. To investigate the biological effects of the side-chain structures at C5 and C5' in detail, we planned SAR studies of C5- and C5'-modified antillatoxin analogues. To diversify the structures at the last step of the synthesis, two key intermediates 4 and 6 possessing terminal alkynes at the C5- and C5'-positions were designed and synthesized using two distinct strategies. Sixteen side-chain derivatives were then prepared from 4 and 6 by coupling with a wide variety of azides via click chemistry, and subjected to the cytotoxicity assay. Although almost all of the C5-substituted analogues exhibited no cytotoxicity, the C5'-substituted analogues showed modest cytotoxicity. These results showed that C5' is more tolerant than C5 to structural modifications. The present SAR study will provide valuable information for designing new antillatoxin-based molecular probes for neuroscience research. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evidence of the Electronic Factor for the Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Efficiency of <i>Cinchona</i>-Derived Phase-Transfer Catalysts
作者:Mi-Sook Yoo、Byeong-Seon Jeong、Jeong-Hee Lee、Hyeung-geun Park、Sang-sup Jew
DOI:10.1021/ol050123u
日期:2005.3.1
evaluated as phase-transfercatalysts in the enantioselective alkylation of glycine imine ester 1. The N-oxypyridine and cyanobenzene moieties might play an important role to form a rigid conformation by coordinating with H(2)O via hydrogen bonding leading to high enantioselectivity (97 approximately >99% ee), which provides evidence of an electronic factor for the high enantioselective catalytic efficiency
Counter-rotatable dual cinchona quinuclidinium salts and their phase transfer catalysis in enantioselective alkylation of glycine imines
作者:Jiin Oh、Jihyeon Park、Keepyung Nahm
DOI:10.1039/d1cc02785a
日期:——
Dual cinchona quinuclidinium salts with a diphenyl ether linker were synthesized and used as powerful asymmetric phasetransfer catalysts in the α-alkylation of imines of glycine and alanine ester with 0.01–0.1 mol% loading (17 examples, 92–99% ee). Skewed conformers of dual quinuclidiniums at TS were proposed to rationalize their high efficiency via DFT calculations.
A new asymmetric two-center phase-transfercatalyst was designed and a catalyst library containing more than 40 new two-center catalysts was constructed. The catalysts were applied in phase-transferalkylations and Michael additions to afford the corresponding products in up to 93% ee and 82% ee, respectively.
We developed a versatile synthetic process for aeruginosin 298-A as well as several attractive analogues, in which all stereocenters were controlled by a catalytic asymmetric phase-transfer reaction and epoxidation. Furthermore, drastic counteranion effects in phase-transfer catalysis were observed for the first time, making it possible to three-dimensionally fine-tune the catalyst (ketal part, aromatic
A New<i>N</i>-Spiro C<sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Bromide Consisting of 4,6-Disubstituted Biphenyl Subunit as an Efficient Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalyst
作者:Keiji Maruoka、Takashi Ooi、Yasushi Kubota
DOI:10.1055/s-2003-41478
日期:——
A new N-spiro chiral quaternary ammonium bromide has been designed and assembled from opticallyactive 4,6-disubstituted biphenyl subunits. Its utility as an efficient chiralphase-transfercatalyst has been clearly demonstrated by application to the highly enantioselectivealkylation of tert-butyl glycinate benzophenone Schiff base.