申请人:——
公开号:US20040230071A1
公开(公告)日:2004-11-18
Processes to prepare 5-cyanovaleric acid or its ester is provided, by carbonylation of a pentenenitrile, wherein pentenenitrile is reacted with carbon monoxide and water and/or an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system contains:
(a) a metal of Group VIII or a compound thereof and
(b) a bidentate phosphine, arsine and/or stibine ligand, wherein the bidentate ligand has the general formula (I):
R
1
R
2
-M
1
-R-M
2
-R
3
R
4
(I)
wherein M
1
and M
2
are independently P, As or Sb, R is a divalent organic bridging group, which bridging group comprises a chain of 3 to 5 atoms directly connecting the 2 phosphorus atoms, which chain consists of carbon atoms and optionally a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom or a silano or dialkylsilicon group, which alkyl groups independently comprise from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R
1
-R
4
represent the same or different optionally substituted tertiary alkyl groups,
(c) an acid having a pKa less than 3, as measured at 18° C. in an aqueous solution.
&egr;-caprolactam is also prepared by reduction of 5-cyanovaleric acid or ester obtained above to 6-aminocaproic acid or ester, and then cyclisation of the 6-aminocaproic acid or ester to &egr;-caprolactam.
提供制备5-氰基戊酸或其酯的过程,通过五碳烯腈的羰基化反应,其中五碳烯腈与一氧化碳和水和/或醇在催化剂体系存在下反应。催化剂体系包含:(a) VIII族金属或其化合物和(b) 二齿膦、砷和/或锑配体,其中二齿配体具有通式(I):R1R2-M1-R-M2-R3R4(I),其中M1和M2独立地为P、As或Sb,R为双价有机桥接基团,该桥接基团包括直接连接2个磷原子的3到5个原子的链,该链由碳原子和可选的氮、氧或硫原子或硅烷基或二烷基硅基团组成,其中烷基基团独立地包括1到4个碳原子,R1-R4代表相同或不同的可选取代的三级烷基基团,(c) 具有pKa小于3的酸,在18°C的水溶液中测量。此外,通过将上述获得的5-氰基戊酸或酯还原为6-氨基己酸或酯,然后将6-氨基己酸或酯环化为&egr;-己内酰胺,也可以制备&egr;-己内酰胺。