The Ullmann Condensation Reaction of Haloanthraquinone Derivatives with Amines in Aprotic Solvents. V. The Formation of Active Catalyst by the Partial Oxidation of Copper(I) with Molecular Oxygen
Although copper(I) is a more effective catalyst than copper(II) in the Ullmanncondensationreaction of haloanthraquinones with ethylenediamine in aprotic solvents under a nitrogen atmosphere, the oxidation products of copper(I) by molecular oxygen enhanced the reaction rate compared to copper(I) catalyst. From the studies on the effect of Cu(II) salt addition to Cu(I) salt, solvent effects, and ESR
The Ullmann Condensation Reaction of Haloanthraquinone Derivatives with Amines in Aprotic Solvents. IV. Kinetic Studies of the Condensation with Ethylenediamine
In the Ullmann condensation of bromoanthraquinones (AQBr) with ethylenediamine using copper(I) bromide as a catalyst, the reaction rate decreased with time which has been interpreted in terms of the formation of the ineffective copper(II) species. The kinetic investigation showed the reaction rate to be first order both for the copper(I) species and AQBr. After prolonged reaction the copper(I) species
在使用溴化铜 (I) 作为催化剂的溴蒽醌 (AQBr) 与乙二胺的乌尔曼缩合反应中,反应速率随时间降低,这被解释为形成无效的铜 (II) 物质。动力学研究表明,铜 (I) 物质和 AQBr 的反应速率均为一级。经过长时间的反应,铜 (I) 物质被定量转化为铜 (II) 物质,由于与乙二胺的强配位,铜 (II) 物质似乎几乎没有催化活性。卤代蒽醌的反应性取决于与 Cu(I) 配位的难易程度和 Cu(II) 的形成速率。已经提出并讨论了包括CuI(AQBr)与乙二胺之间反应的机理。
Synthesis of 1,4-dinitroanthracene-9,10-dione. Stepwise substitution of the nitro groups by diamines leading to 1-[(aminoalkyl)amino]-4-nitroanthracene-9,10-diones and unsymmetrical 1,4-bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]anthracene-9,10-diones
作者:A. Paul Krapcho、Kenneth L. Avery
DOI:10.1021/jo00308a030
日期:1990.10
KRAPCHO, A. PAUL;AVERY, KENNETH L. (JR), J. ORG. CHEM., 55,(1990) N1, C. 5662-5664