Sequential reductive addition/cyclization of the
allenecarboxylate 1, derived from penicillin G, with allylic and
benzylic halides is successfully achieved by the aid of a three-metal
redox system consisting of aluminium metal (2.5 molar equiv.) and
catalytic amounts of [NiCl2(bipy)] (0.1 molar equiv.) and
PbBr2 (0.05 molar equiv.) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP) to afford the corresponding 3-allyl- and
3-benzyl-Î3-cephems 3aâi in 20â85% yields.
The reactions of 1 with vinyl, prop-2-ynyl and phenyl halides in the
same three-metal redox system result in the recovery of 1 and/or partial
formation of 2-exo-methylenepenam 4. A similar electroreductive
addition/cyclization of 1 with allyl bromide is performed by passage of
an electrical current (3.2 F mol-1) in an
[NiCl2(bipy)]/PbBr2/NMP/(Pt cathode)â(Al
anode) system.
顺序还原加成/环化反应成功地实现了来自
青霉素G的烯丙基
羧酸酯1与烯丙基和苄基卤化物的反应,该反应在由铝
金属(2.5摩尔当量)和催化量的[NiCl2(bipy)](0.1摩尔当量)以及PbBr2(0.05摩尔当量)组成的三
金属氧化还原体系中进行,溶剂为N-甲基-
2-吡咯烷酮(
NMP),生成了相应的3-烯丙基和3-苄基Δ3-
头孢菌素3a-i,产率为20-85%。在相同的三
金属氧化还原体系中,1与
乙烯基、丙-2-炔基和苯基卤化物的反应导致1的回收和/或部分生成2-外烯基青霉烯4。通过在[NiCl2(bipy)]/PbBr2/
NMP/(
铂阴极)–(铝阳极)体系中通电(3.2法拉/摩尔),对1进行类似的电还原加成/环化反应,反应物为烯丙
溴。