Effective Methods for Introducing Some Aryl and Heteroaryl Substituent onto 1-Azaazulene Nuclei
摘要:
Introduction of aryl and heteroaryl groups onto 1-azaazulene ring was achieved by addition-elimination reaction and Suzuki coupling. Reaction of 2-chloro-1-azaazulenes with 2-aryllithium and 2-heteroaryllithium followed by dehydrogenation with o-chloranil gave 8-aryl- and 8-heteroaryl-2-chloro-1-azaazulene in good yields. Suzuki coupling of 3-iodo-1-azaazulenens with phenylboronic acid in the presence of Pd catalyst afforded 3-phenyl-1-azaazulenes in excellent yield. Suzuki coupling of 2-bromo-1-azaazulenes with phenylboronic acid gave 2-phenyl-1-azaazulenes. Suzuki coupling of 2,3-dibromo-1-azaazulene with phenylboronic acid preferentially occurred at C-2. Reaction of 3-iodo-1-azaazulene with bis(pinacolato)diboron produced 3,3'-bis(1-azaazulene) derivative.
Two compounds, 6-(1-azaazulen-2-yl)ethynylazulene (8) and 6-(2-azulenyl)ethynylazulene (10), were synthesized using the Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction followed by decarboxylation with concentrated phosphoric acid. Compounds 8 and 10 were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclearmagneticresonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry
使用Sonogashira-Hagihara交叉偶联反应,然后用浓磷酸脱羧,合成了两种化合物6-(1-(氮杂氮烯-2-基)乙炔基氮杂烯(8)和6-(2-氮杂烯基)乙炔基氮杂烯(10)。化合物8和10的特征在于1 H和13 C核磁共振(NMR)光谱,质谱,紫外可见(UV-Vis)光谱,循环伏安法和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算。根据该结果,证实两种化合物在其整个分子结构中均具有π共轭。化合物8和10的酸响应度使用UV-Vis和1 H NMR光谱进行了评估。发现化合物8对三氟乙酸高度敏感,其1-氮杂氮烯基部分充当碱。当与过量的三氟乙酸混合时,化合物10产生z阳离子。
Synthesis and properties of 2-(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulene
The title azaazulene 3 was synthesized either by reaction of tropone with N-(2-pyridyl)acetyl}pyridinium iodide in the presence of ammonium acetate or by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between 2-halo-1-azaazulene and 2-substituted pyridine. The compound shows relatively stronger basicity compared with 2,2′-bipyridyl. While 3 showed no emission from the S1 state but from the S2 state like azulene
A series of 2-arylamino-l-azaazulenes were synthesized by the Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling reaction. The resulting compounds were characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, HRMS analyses, and elemental analysis. X-Ray crystallographic analysis revealed that 2-(1-naphthylamino)-1-azaazuleneexists in dimeric form with two intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds in its crystal structure.
Syntheses of 2-Formyl-, 2,3-Diformyl- and 8-Formyl-1-azaazulenes
2-(2-Pyridyl)-1-azaazulenes were derived from 2-bromo- or 2-iodo-1-azaazulenes and 3-(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulenes were derived from 3-iodo-1-azaazulenes by Suzuki coupling. Reaction of 3-iodo-1-azaazulenes with B(NPDEA) gave corresponding 3-(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulenes together with 3-borylated-2-chloor-1-azaazulene (9a) or 3,3'-bi(2-methoxy-1-azaazulene) (10b). Reactions of 8-(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulene with 2-pyridyllithium gave 4,8-di(2-pyridyl)- and 6,8-di(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulenes. Reactions of 4,8-di(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulene with 2-pyridyl lithium gave 4,6,8-tri(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulene. The reactivity of the seven-menbered ring is C8 > C6 > C4. Reaction of 3-(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulenes with 2-pyridyllithium gave 3,4-di(2-pyridyl)- and 3,8-di(2-pyridyl)-1-azaazulenes.