Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of the Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates and Long-Chain Sulfophenyl Carboxylates Using Antibodies Generated by Pseudoheterologous Immunization
作者:Javier Ramón-Azcón、Roger Galve、Francisco Sánchez-Baeza、M.-Pilar Marco
DOI:10.1021/ac051141s
日期:2006.1.1
ELISA methods have been developed for screening contamination of water resources by linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) or the most immediate degradation products, the long chain sulfophenyl carboxylates, SPCs. The assay uses antibodies raised through pseudoheterologous immunization strategies using an equimolar mixture of two immunogens (SFA−KLH and 13C13-SPC−KLH) prepared by coupling N-(4-alkylphenyl)sulfonyl-3-aminopropanoic acid (SFA) and p-(1-carboxy-13-tridecyl)phenylsulfonic acid (13C13-SPC) to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The immunizing haptens have been designed to address recognition versus two different epitopes of the molecule. The SFA hapten maximizes recognition of the alkyl moiety while preserving the complexity of the different alkyl chains present in the LAS technical mixture. The 13C13-SPC hapten addresses recognition of the common and highly antigenic phenylsulfonic group. The antisera raised using this strategy have been shown to be superior to those obtained through homologous immunization procedures using a single substance. By using an indirect ELISA format, LAS and long-chain SPCs can be detected down to 1.8 and 0.2 μg L-1, respectively. Coefficients of variation of 6 and 12% within and between assays, respectively, demonstrate immunoassay reproducibility. The assay can be used in media with a wide range of pH and ionic strength values. Preliminary experiments performed to assess matrix effects have demonstrated the potential applicability of the method as a screening tool to assess contamination by these types of surfactants in natural water samples.
已经开发出 ELISA 方法来筛查直链烷基苯磺酸盐 (LAS) 或最直接的降解产物长链磺基苯磺酸盐 (SPC) 对水资源的污染。该测定使用通过伪异源免疫策略产生的抗体,使用通过偶联 N-(4-烷基苯基)磺酰基-3-氨基丙酸 (SFA) 和 p-( 1-羧基-13-十三烷基)苯磺酸 (13C13-SPC) 生成匙孔血蓝蛋白 (KLH)。免疫半抗原被设计用于识别分子的两个不同表位。 SFA 半抗原最大限度地识别烷基部分,同时保留 LAS 技术混合物中存在的不同烷基链的复杂性。 13C13-SPC 半抗原可识别常见且高抗原性的苯磺酸基团。使用这种策略产生的抗血清已被证明优于使用单一物质通过同源免疫程序获得的抗血清。通过使用间接 ELISA 格式,可以分别检测低至 1.8 和 0.2 μg L-1 的 LAS 和长链 SPC。测定内和测定间的变异系数分别为 6% 和 12%,证明了免疫测定的重现性。该测定可用于具有广泛 pH 值和离子强度值的介质。为评估基质效应而进行的初步实验已证明该方法作为筛选工具的潜在适用性,以评估天然水样中这些类型的表面活性剂的污染。