A Mild Ni/Cu-Catalyzed Silylation via C–O Cleavage
摘要:
A Ni/Cu-catalyzed silylation of unactivated C-O electrophiles derived from phenols or benzyl alcohols is described. This transformation is characterized by its wide scope and mild conditions, providing a direct access to synthetically versatile silylated compounds. The protocol allows for the coupling of C(sp(2))-O and even C(sp(3))-O bonds with similar efficiency.
Reaction of p-substituted phenols 2 with a catalytic amount of 4-iodophenoxyacetic acid (1) and Oxone® as a co-oxidant in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,4-dioxane–water gave the corresponding p-quinols 3 in excellent yields. Reaction of p-dialkoxyarenes 4 in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol–water gave the corresponding p-quinones 5 in excellent yield without purification. These reactions provide efficient and practical
This invention relates to a range of alpha substituted 2-benzyl substituted imidazole compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, to compositions comprising such compounds, processes for their synthesis and their use as parasiticides.
A process for the preparation of a carbapenem, includes the step of treating a solution of a protected carbapenem with hydrogen gas in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst to form the carbapenem, wherein the heterogeneous catalyst includes at least two platinum group metals.
Photochemistry of Substituted Benzyl Acetates and Benzyl Pivalates: A Reinvestigation of Substituent Effects
作者:J. W. Hilborn、E. MacKnight、J. A. Pincock、P. J. Wedge
DOI:10.1021/ja00087a020
日期:1994.4
The photosolvolysis reactions, in methanol, of six substituted benzyl acetates (7a-f) and benzyl pivalates (8a-f) were studied. Five major benzylic products were formed from two critical intermediates. The ethers (9) were formed from the ion pair, 15, and all of the other products (10-14) were formed from the radical pair, 16. Quenching studies showed that only excited singlet state reactivity was important. The product yields were found to be highly substituent dependent. For instance, for the acetate esters, the yield of ether (9) varied from 2% for X = 4-OCH3 to 32% for X = 3-OCH3. Most of the differences in the yields could be attributed to ground state processes that occur after bond cleavage. The important competition is between electron transfer, converting the radical pair to the ion pair, and decarboxylation of RCO(2)(.). The rates of electron transfer are shown to fit Marcus theory in both the normal and inverted regions. Direct heterolytic cleavage to form the ion pair is of minimal importance.
Pincock J.A., Wedge P.J., J. Org. Chem., 59 (1994) N 19, 5587-5595