A journey from benzanilides to dithiobenzanilides: Synthesis of selective spasmolytic compounds
摘要:
A series of dithiobenzanilide derivatives was synthesized and each compound was evaluated for its ability to reduce KCl-induced contractions of smooth muscle preparations of the guinea pig. Starting from a recent publication describing benzanilide derivatives as antispasmodic agents, structure-activity guided synthesis was performed to obtain compounds with improved spasmolytic activity. First, compounds with two amide bonds were designed and second, both amide oxygens were replaced by two sp(2) sulfur atoms resulting in dithiobenzanilide derivatives. The most potent antispasmodic dithiobenzanilide 19 showed improved activity with an IC50 value of 0.4 mu M. Moreover, the study also demonstrated that these active compounds were able to antagonize the effect of spasmogens like acetylcholine and phenylephrine and that the activity is not mediated by activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels (K-ATP-channels) or inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Amide derivatives of Gallic acid: Design, synthesis and evaluation of inhibitory activities against in vitro α-synuclein aggregation
摘要:
Gallic acid (GA), a natural phenolic acid, has received numerous attention because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. More importantly, GA can act as an efficient inhibitor of alpha-Synuclein (alpha-Syn) aggregation at early stages. Nevertheless, some evidences suggest that GA is unlikely to cross the blood-brain barrier because of its high hydrophilicity. Hence, GA may not be considered as a promising candidate or entering brain and directly affecting the central nervous system. Accordingly, we have designed and synthesized a series of amide derivatives of GA, some of which possess appropriate lipophilicity and hydrophilicity with LogP (2.09-2.79). Meanwhile, these sheet-like conjugated compounds have good pi-electron delocalization and high ability of hydrogen-bond formation. Some compounds have shown better in vitro anti-aggregation activities than GA towards alpha-Syn, with IC50, down to 0.98 mu M. The valid modification strategy of GA is considered an efficient way to discover novel inhibitors of alpha-Syn aggregation.