(R)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline | 2254-36-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 生物碱及其衍生物 - 哈马拉生物碱
• 英文名称: (R)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline
• 英文别名: (R)-(+)-tetrahydroharman；(R)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole；Calligonine；(1R)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
• CAS: 2254-36-6
• 化学式: C₁₂H₁₄N₂
• 分子量: 186.257
• InChiKey: LPIJOZBIVDCQTE-MRVPVSSYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  201-202 °C
• 沸点：
  362.6±32.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.130±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.9
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.33
• 拓扑面积：
  27.8
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  1

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  色胺盐酸盐 在 ammonia borane 、 sodium hydroxide 作用下， 以 aq. phosphate buffer 为溶剂， 37.0 ℃ 、101.33 kPa 条件下， 反应 24.0h， 生成 (R)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-N) Catalyzed Deracemization of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines: Substrate Dependent Switch in Enantioselectivity

  摘要：

  The tetrahydro-beta-carboline (THBC) ring system is an important structural motif found in a large number of bioactive alkaloid natural products. Herein we report a broadly applicable method for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure beta-carbolines via a deracemization procedure employing the D9 and D11 variants of monoamine oxidase from Aspergillus niger (MAO-N) in combination with a nonselective chemical reducing agent. Biotransformations were performed on a preparative scale, leading to the synthesis of optically enriched products in excellent enantiomeric excess (e.e.; up to 99%) and isolated yield (up to 93%). Interestingly, a switch in enantioselectivity associated with the MAO-N variants is observed as the nature of the C-1 substituent of the THBC is varied. Molecular modeling provided an explanation for this observation and highlighted key active site residues which were modified, resulting in an increase in (R)-selectivity associated with the enzyme. These results provide insight into the factors which influence the selectivity of the MAO-N variants, and may offer a platform for future directed evolution projects aimed toward the challenge of engineering (R)-selective amine oxidase biocatalysts.

  DOI：

  10.1021/cs400724g

文献信息

• Engineering an Enantioselective Amine Oxidase for the Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Building Blocks and Alkaloid Natural Products
  作者：Diego Ghislieri、Anthony P. Green、Marta Pontini、Simon C. Willies、Ian Rowles、Annika Frank、Gideon Grogan、Nicholas J. Turner

  DOI：10.1021/ja4051235

  日期：2013.7.24

  catalytic methods for the production of enantiomerically pure chiral amines is a key challenge facing the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. This challenge is highlighted by the estimate that 40-45% of drug candidates contain a chiral amine, fueling a demand for broadly applicable synthetic methods that deliver target structures in high yield and enantiomeric excess. Herein we describe the development

  开发用于生产对映异构纯手性胺的经济高效且可持续的催化方法是制药和精细化工行业面临的关键挑战。据估计，40-45% 的候选药物含有手性胺，这突显了这一挑战，这推动了对以高产率和对映体过量提供目标结构的广泛适用的合成方法的需求。在此，我们描述了来自黑曲霉 (MAO-N) 的单胺氧化酶变体“工具箱”的开发和应用，该变体显示出显着的底物范围和对空间要求基序的耐受性，包括一个新变体，它对含有以下物质的底物表现出高活性和对映选择性氨基二苯甲烷（二苯甲基胺）模板。通过将合理的结构导向工程与高通量筛选相结合，可以扩大 MAO-N 的底物范围以适应含有大量芳基取代基的胺底物。这些工程化的 MAO-N 生物催化剂已应用于去消旋反应，用于高效不对称合成仿制药活性药物成分索利那新和左西替利嗪以及天然产物 (R)-coniine、(R)-eleagnine 和 (R)-leptaflorine . 我们还报告了一种新的
• Synthesis of new mono-N-tosylated diamine ligands based on (R)-(+)-limonene and their application in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones and imines
  作者：Piotr Roszkowski、Jan K. Maurin、Zbigniew Czarnocki

  DOI：10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.04.010

  日期：2013.6

  preparation of a new family of enantiopure mono-N-tosylated-1,2-diamines derived from (R)-(+)-limonene is described. (+)-Limonene was transformed into the appropriate N-tosyl derivative using N-tosylaziridination based on chloramine-T trihydrate. Subsequent ring opening by sodium azide afforded the corresponding isomeric azides. Finally, reduction of the azide function gave enantiomerically pure mono-N-tosylated-1

  描述了一种合成方法，该方法可制备新的对映体纯的，衍生自（R）-（+）-柠檬烯的单-N-甲苯磺酰基-1,2-二胺。使用基于氯胺-T三水合物的N-甲苯磺酰基叠氮化将（+）-柠檬烯转化为合适的N-甲苯磺酰基衍生物。随后通过叠氮化钠开环得到相应的异构叠氮化物。最后，叠氮化物功能的降低得到对映体纯的单-N-甲苯磺酸化的1,2-二胺。事实证明，所获得的配体在芳族酮和亚胺的不对称转移氢化方案中是有效的。
• Cyclocondensation Reactions between 2-Acyl-3-indoleacetic Acid Derivatives and Phenylglycinol: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-β-carboline Alkaloids
  作者：Mercedes Amat、Fabiana Subrizi、Viviane Elias、Núria Llor、Elies Molins、Joan Bosch

  DOI：10.1002/ejoc.201101718

  日期：2012.3

  Cyclocondensation reactions between a variety of 2-acyl-3-indoleacetic acid derivatives and (R)-phenylglycinol were studied. Successful results were obtained from N-alkyl keto acid derivatives. The resulting tetracyclic lactams provide straightforward access to enantiopure 1-substituted tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloids.

  研究了各种 2-酰基-3-吲哚乙酸衍生物和 (R)-苯基甘氨醇之间的环缩合反应。N-烷基酮酸衍生物获得了成功的结果。由此产生的四环内酰胺提供了直接获取对映体纯 1-取代四氢-β-咔啉生物碱的途径。
• Asymmetric Synthesis of ( <i>R</i> )‐1‐Alkyl‐Substituted Tetrahydro‐ß‐carbolines Catalyzed by Strictosidine Synthases
  作者：Desiree Pressnitz、Eva‐Maria Fischereder、Jakob Pletz、Christina Kofler、Lucas Hammerer、Katharina Hiebler、Horst Lechner、Nina Richter、Elisabeth Eger、Wolfgang Kroutil

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201803372

  日期：2018.8.13

  Stereoselective methods for the synthesis of tetrahydro-ß-carbolines are of significant interest due to the broad spectrum of biological activity of the target molecules. In the plant kingdom, strictosidine synthases catalyze the C-C coupling through a Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamine and secologanin to exclusively form the (S)-configured tetrahydro-ß-carboline (S)-strictosidine. Investigating

  由于目标分子具有广谱的生物活性，合成四氢-β-咔啉的立体选择性方法引起了人们的极大兴趣。在植物界，胡豆素合酶通过色胺和塞洛甘宁的 Pictet-Spengler 反应催化 CC 偶联，专门形成 (S)-构型的四氢-β-咔啉 (S)-胡豆素。研究色胺与小分子量脂肪醛的生物催化 Pictet-Spengler 反应表明，胡豆苷合酶意外地获得了 (R) 构型的产物。开发一种有效的酶表达方法，可以制备转化各种醛，使产物的 ee 高达 >98%。借助该工具，实现了 (R)-harmicine 的化学酶两步合成，得到光学纯形式的 (R)-harmicine，总产率为 67%。
• Palladium asymmetric reduction of β-carboline imines mediated by chiral auxiliaries assisted by microwave irradiation
  作者：Marlene Espinoza-Moraga、Ana Gloria Caceres、Leonardo Silva Santos

  DOI：10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.181

  日期：2009.12

  An alternative synthetic approach for the introduction of chirality in β-carboline moiety through in situ reduction of N-acyliminium ion intermediates generated from imine 2 and chloroformate of 8-phenylmenthyl as chiral auxiliary was achieved. The method applied microwave-assisted irradiation and used PdCl2/Et3SiH protocol as a mild reducing agent, which decreased reaction times to minutes when compared

  通过原位还原由亚胺2和8-苯基薄荷基的氯甲酸酯作为手性助剂生成的N-酰基亚胺离子中间体，实现了另一种在β-咔啉部分中引入手性的合成方法。该方法采用微波辅助辐射，并使用PdCl 2 / Et 3 SiH协议作为温和的还原剂，与常规的热反应相比，该方法将反应时间缩短至数分钟。还原产生的R-胺的非对映选择性（4-12：1），与从Noyori不对称氢化催化剂获得的产物相比，在手性辅助去除和光谱数据后将其分配。