Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α: Hit to Lead Optimization
摘要:
Compound I was previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of cPLA,(x in both artificial monomeric substrate and cell-based assays. However, I was inactive in whole blood assays previously used to characterize cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. The IC(50) of 1 increased dramatically with cell number or lipid/detergent concentration. In an attempt to insert an electrophilic ketone between the indole and benzoic acid moieties, we discovered that increasing the distance between the two moieties gave a compound with activity in the GLU (7-hydroxycoumarinyl-gamma-linolenate) micelle assay, which contains lipid and detergent. Extensive structure-activity relationship work around this lead identified a potent pharmacophore for cPLA a inhibition. The IC(50)s between the GLU micelle and rat whole blood assays correlated highly. No correlation was found for other parameters, including lipophilicity or acidity of the required acid functionality. Compounds 25, 39, and 94 emerged as potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA(2)alpha and represent well-validated starting points for further optimization.
A process for making a substituted indole compound, including the steps of: reacting the compounds
in a non-protic polar solvent in the presence of a catalyst to form the intermediate compound
wherein Ph and X are as defined herein; and then,
heating this intermediate compound in the solvent in the presence of the catalyst to form the substituted indole compound
The invention also includes compounds formed by this process.
Methods for the use of inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in the treatment of thrombosis
申请人:Clerin Valerie
公开号:US20080009485A1
公开(公告)日:2008-01-10
This invention provides methods for the use of substituted indole compounds of the general formula:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof. The invention provides methods for the use of the compounds in the treating or preventing thrombosis in a mammal, or preventing progression of symptoms of thrombosis.
A process for making an aromatic aldehyde in which a sulfoxide is reacted with a dihalogenated aromatic compound in the absence of an effective amount of an activating reagent. The aldehyde may then be used to make other compounds, such as a compound that acts as a cPLA inhibitor.
Indole Cytosolic Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> α Inhibitors: Discovery and in Vitro and in Vivo Characterization of 4-{3-[5-Chloro-2-(2-{[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl]amino}ethyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl]propyl}benzoic Acid, Efipladib
作者:John C. McKew、Katherine L. Lee、Marina W. H. Shen、Paresh Thakker、Megan A. Foley、Mark L. Behnke、Baihua Hu、Fuk-Wah Sum、Steve Tam、Yonghan Hu、Lihren Chen、Steven J. Kirincich、Ronald Michalak、Jennifer Thomason、Manus Ipek、Kun Wu、Lane Wooder、Manjunath K. Ramarao、Elizabeth A. Murphy、Debra G. Goodwin、Leo Albert、Xin Xu、Frances Donahue、M. Sherry Ku、James Keith、Cheryl L. Nickerson-Nutter、William M. Abraham、Cara Williams、Martin Hegen、James D. Clark
DOI:10.1021/jm701467e
日期:2008.6.1
The optimization of a class of indole cPLA 2 alpha inhibitors is described herein. The importance of the substituent at C3 and the substitution pattern of the phenylmethane sulfonamide region are highlighted. Optimization of these regions led to the discovery of 111 (efipladib) and 121 (WAY-196025), which are shown to be potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA 2 alpha in a variety of isolated enzyme assays
A process for making a substituted indole compound, including the steps of: reacting the compounds
in a non-protic polar solvent in the presence of a catalyst to form the intermediate compound
wherein Ph and X are as defined herein; and then, heating this intermediate compound in the solvent in the presence of the catalyst to form the substituted indole compound
The invention also includes compounds formed by this process.