Structure-Based Design and Development of Functionalized Mercaptoguanine Derivatives as Inhibitors of the Folate Biosynthesis Pathway Enzyme 6-Hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin Pyrophosphokinase from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
作者:Matthew L. Dennis、Sandeep Chhabra、Zhong-Chang Wang、Aaron Debono、Olan Dolezal、Janet Newman、Noel P. Pitcher、Raphael Rahmani、Ben Cleary、Nicholas Barlow、Meghan Hattarki、Bim Graham、Thomas S. Peat、Jonathan B. Baell、James D. Swarbrick
DOI:10.1021/jm501417f
日期:2014.11.26
6-Hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (HPPK), an enzyme from the folate biosynthesis pathway, catalyzes the pyrophosphoryl transfer from ATP to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin and is a yet-to-be-drugged antimicrobial target. Building on our previous discovery that 8-mercaptoguanine (8MG) is an inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus HPPK (SaHPPK), we have identified and characterized the binding of an S8-functionalized derivative (3). X-ray structures of both the SaHPPK/3/cofactor analogue ternary and the SaHPPK/cofactor analogue binary complexes have provided insight into cofactor recognition and key residues that move over 30 angstrom upon binding of 3, whereas NMR measurements reveal a partially plastic ternary complex active site. Synthesis and binding analysis of a set of analogues of 3 have identified an advanced new lead compound (11) displaying >20-fold higher affinity for SaHPPK than 8MG. A number of these exhibited low micromolar affinity for dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), the adjacent, downstream enzyme to HPPK, and may thus represent promising new leads to bienzyme inhibitors.