A butenoic acid compound is defined by the following formula: ##STR1## in which Z is O,S, vinylene or azomethyne, A is an alkylene and J is phenyl or etc. It is useful to treat the heart disease.
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of Amides with Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Halides at Room Temperature
作者:Hien-Quang Do、Shoshana Bachman、Alex C. Bissember、Jonas C. Peters、Gregory C. Fu
DOI:10.1021/ja4126609
日期:2014.2.5
The development of a mild and general method for the alkylation of amides with relatively unreactive alkyl halides (i.e., poor substrates for SN2 reactions) is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. We describe herein a versatile transition-metal-catalyzed approach: in particular, a photoinduced, copper-catalyzed monoalkylation of primary amides. A broad array of alkyl and aryl amides (as well as
开发一种温和而通用的方法,用相对不活泼的卤代烷(即 SN2 反应的不良底物)对酰胺进行烷基化是有机合成中的一个持续挑战。我们在此描述了一种通用的过渡金属催化方法:特别是光诱导、铜催化的伯酰胺单烷基化。一系列广泛的烷基和芳基酰胺(以及内酰胺和 2-恶唑烷酮)与未活化的仲(和受阻伯)烷基溴和碘结合使用一组相对简单和温和的条件:廉价的 CuI 作为催化剂,无需单独添加配体,并在室温下形成 CN 键。该方法与多种官能团兼容,例如烯烃、氨基甲酸酯、噻吩和吡啶,并已应用于阿片受体拮抗剂的合成。一系列机械观察,包括反应性和立体化学研究,与耦合途径一致,包括铜-酰胺络合物的光激发,然后是电子转移以形成烷基。
Reductive Conjugate Addition of Haloalkanes to Enones To Form Silyl Enol Ethers
作者:Ruja Shrestha、Daniel J. Weix
DOI:10.1021/ol200881v
日期:2011.5.20
A new method is presented for tandem reductiveconjugate addition and silyl enol ether formation from cyclic and acyclic enones and enals in the presence of a Mn reductant, a Ni(terpyridine) catalyst, and a trialkylchlorosilane. The addition of secondary, tertiary, and hindered primary haloalkanes is demonstrated. Preliminary studies on the mechanism show that the intermediacy of L1(Ni)(η3-1-triet
The Effect of the ω-Cyano Group on the Reactivity of Secondary Bromides in the Formolysis Reaction and on the Reactivity of Primary Bromides in the Reaction with Silver Nitrate
作者:Peter S. Strilko、Hiroyuki Morita、Shigeru Oae
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.41.2165
日期:1968.9
decrease with a decrease in chain length and have a parallerism with a chemical shift (>CH–, –CH3) of NMR spectra. A similar sequence was observed in the reactivity of ω-cyano-1-bromoalkanes in the reaction with silver nitrate.
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation with Alkyl Electrophiles: Cyanation of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Chlorides at Room Temperature
作者:Tanvi S. Ratani、Shoshana Bachman、Gregory C. Fu、Jonas C. Peters
DOI:10.1021/jacs.5b08452
日期:2015.11.4
that, in the presence of light and a copper catalyst, nitrogen nucleophiles such as carbazoles and primary amides undergo C-N coupling with alkylhalides under mild conditions. In the present study, we establish that photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation can also be applied to C-C bond formation, specifically, that the cyanation of unactivated secondary alkyl chlorides can be achieved at room temperature
我们最近报道,在光和铜催化剂的存在下,氮亲核试剂如咔唑和伯酰胺在温和条件下与卤代烷进行 CN 偶联。在本研究中,我们确定光诱导的铜催化烷基化也可用于 CC 键的形成,具体而言,未活化的仲烷基氯的氰化可以在室温下实现,以提供腈类,这是一类重要的目标分子。因此,在廉价的铜催化剂(CuI;无配体共添加剂)和容易获得的光源(UVC 紧凑型荧光灯泡)的存在下,多种烷基卤化物以良好的产率进行氰化。我们最初的机理研究与 [Cu(CN)2](-) 的激发态可能起作用的假设一致,通过单电子转移,在这个过程中。这项研究提供了一个罕见的过渡金属催化烷基卤化物氰化的例子,以及光诱导铜催化烷基化与碳亲核试剂或仲烷基氯化物的第一个例子。