methyl 1-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxylate | 94726-23-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 异喹啉及其衍生物
• 英文名称: methyl 1-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxylate
• CAS: 94726-23-5
• 化学式: C₁₂H₁₁NO₂
• 分子量: 201.225
• InChiKey: YWTWAKSULFKWRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  104-105 °C
• 沸点：
  354.0±22.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.177±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.7
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.17
• 拓扑面积：
  39.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  methyl 1-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxylate 在 1-羟基苯并三唑 、 盐酸-N-乙基-Nˊ-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺 、 三乙胺 、 sodium hydroxide 作用下， 以 乙醇 、 水 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂， 反应 0.75h， 生成 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6α-(1-methylisoquinolin-3-carboxamido)morphinan
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Design, syntheses, and pharmacological characterization of 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6α-(isoquinoline-3′-carboxamido)morphinan analogues as opioid receptor ligands

  摘要：

  A series of 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14 beta-dihydroxy-4,5 alpha-epoxy-6 alpha-(isoquinoline-3 '-carboxamido)morphinan (NAQ) analogues were synthesized and pharmacologically characterized to study their structure-activity relationship at the mu opioid receptor (MOR). The competition binding assay showed two-atom spacer and aromatic side chain were optimal for MOR selectivity. Meanwhile, substitutions at the 1 '- and/or 4 '-position of the isoquinoline ring retained or improved MOR selectivity over the kappa opioid receptor while still possessing above 20-fold MOR selectivity over the delta opioid receptor. In contrast, substitutions at the 6 '- and/or 7 '-position of the isoquinoline ring reduced MOR selectivity as well as MOR efficacy. Among this series of ligands, compound 11 acted as an antagonist when challenged with morphine in warm-water tail immersion assay and produced less significant withdrawal symptoms compared to naltrexone in morphine-pelleted mice. Compound 11 also antagonized the intracellular Ca2+ increase induced by DAMGO. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of 11 in three opioid receptors indicated orientation of the 6 '-nitro group varied significantly in the different 'address' domains of the receptors and played a crucial role in the observed binding affinities and selectivity. Collectively, the current findings provide valuable insights for future development of NAQ-based MOR selective ligands. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.055
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,3-恶唑 在 盐酸 、 三氯氧磷 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 、 苯 为溶剂， 反应 49.0h， 生成 methyl 1-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxylate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis of erythro-α-Amino β-hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Esters by Diastereoselective Photocycloaddition of 5-Methoxyoxazoles with Aldehydes

  摘要：

  A new photoaldol route to alpha-amino-beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters is initiated by the photocycloaddition of aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes to 5-methoxyoxazoles. The 4-unsubstituted 5-methyloxazole 1 gave the cycloadducts 8a-f in high yields and excellent exo-diastereoselectivities. Hydrolysis of 8a-f gives the N-acetyl alpha-amino-beta-hydroxy esters 9a-f, which could be subsequently converted into the corresponding Z-didehydro alpha-amino acids 10a-f. Quartenary alpha-amino-beta-hydroxy esters 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20, which are stable against dehydration, were obtained from the 4-alkylated 5-methoxyoxazoles 2-6, in most cases highly erythro-selective due to the high degree of stereocontrol (exo) at the photocycloaddition (to give 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19) level. The relative configurations of the N-acetyl alpha-amino-beta-hydroxy esters were determined by NMR spectroscopy and comparison with chiral pool-derived compounds as well as by X-ray structure determination of the ester 23, formed by hydrolysis of the cycloadduct 22, derived from photocycloaddition of propionaldehyde to the isoleucine-derived oxazole 21.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo034830h

文献信息

• Vinyl azides in heterocyclic synthesis. Part 6. Synthesis of isoquinolines by intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction
  作者：Deirdre M. B. Hickey、A. Roderick MacKenzie、Christopher J. Moody、Charles W. Rees

  DOI：10.1039/p19870000921

  日期：——

  Azidocinnamates containing ortho-carbonyl substituents are versatile intermediates for heterocyclic synthesis. Isoquinolines (8) and (9) are formed under mild neutral conditions by intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions of iminophosphoranes, readily derived from azides (1) and (2), respectively, with triethyl phosphite. The azafluoranthene (10) can also be prepared from the azide (3)via the isolable iminophosphoranes

  含有邻-羰基取代基的叠氮肉桂酸酯是用于杂环合成的通用中间体。异喹啉（8）和（9）在中等中性条件下通过亚氨基三磷酸亚氨基的分子内aza-Wittig反应形成，亚氨基三氢呋喃分别易于从叠氮化物（1）和（2）衍生而来。氮杂荧蒽（10）也可以通过可分离的亚氨基正膦（11）和（12）由叠氮化物（3）制备。叠氮化物（1）在甲苯或二甲苯中的热解产生了4-取代的吲哚（13）的产量（表2）。类似地，吲哚（14）和（19）分别由叠氮化物（3）和（6a和b）形成。
• Synthesis of isoquinolines by intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction
  作者：Deirdre M. B. Hickey、A. Roderick MacKenzie、Christopher J. Moody、Charles W. Ress

  DOI：10.1039/c39840000776

  日期：——

  Isoquinolines (3) and (5) are formed under miled neutral conditions by intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions of iminophospranes, readily derived from azides (1) and (4) with trithyl phosphite, the azafluranthene (7) can also be prepared from the isolable iminophosphoranes (8), (9), and (10).

  异喹啉（3）和（5）是在中性条件下通过亚磷酰胺的分子内氮杂-维蒂希反应形成的，亚氨基呋喃（7）可以容易地从叠氮化物（1）和（4）衍生而来，亚氨基正膦（8），（9）和（10）。
• Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H/C−N Bond Activation of <i>N</i> ‐Acyl Hydrazones with <i>α</i> ‐Substituted Vinyl Azides
  作者：Biao Nie、Wanqing Wu、Wei Zeng、Qingyun Ren、Ji Zhang、Yingjun Zhang、Huanfeng Jiang

  DOI：10.1002/adsc.201901394

  日期：2020.3.17

  A palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of N‐acetyl hydrazones with vinyl azides has been developed. Various substituted isoquinolines, including diverse fused isoquinolines can be prepared via this protocol in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that α‐substituted vinyl azide serves as an internal nitrogen source. Also, C−H bond activation and C−N bond cleavage have been realized using

  已经开发了钯催化的乙烯基叠氮化物对N乙酰基hydr的环化反应。可以通过该方案以中等至良好的产率制备各种取代的异喹啉，包括各种稠合的异喹啉。机理研究表明，α-取代的叠氮化乙烯可作为内部氮源。另外，使用作为指导基团已经实现了CH键的活化和CN键的裂解。
• Alcohols as alkylating agents in heteroarene C–H functionalization
  作者：Jian Jin、David W. C. MacMillan

  DOI：10.1038/nature14885

  日期：2015.9

  The biochemical process of spin-centre shift is used to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylation reactions using alcohols as radical precursors; this represents the first broadly applicable use of unactivated alcohols as latent alkylating reagents, achieved via the successful merger of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. A central reaction in DNA biosynthesis is ribonucleotide deoxygenation via the radical-mediated elimination of H2O, which is an example of 'spin-centre shift' (SCS), during which an alcohol C–O bond is cleaved to produce in a carbon-centred radical intermediate. Although SCS is a well-understood biochemical process, it is underutilized by the synthetic organic chemistry community. Here Jian Jin and David MacMillan show that it is possible to take advantage of this naturally occurring process to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylations using alcohols as radical precursors. This method represents the first broadly applicable use of unactivated alcohols as latent alkylating reagents, achieved via the merger of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. Redox processes and radical intermediates are found in many biochemical processes, including deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and oxidative DNA damage1. One of the core principles underlying DNA biosynthesis is the radical-mediated elimination of H2O to deoxygenate ribonucleotides, an example of ‘spin-centre shift’2, during which an alcohol C–O bond is cleaved, resulting in a carbon-centred radical intermediate. Although spin-centre shift is a well-understood biochemical process, it is underused by the synthetic organic chemistry community. We wondered whether it would be possible to take advantage of this naturally occurring process to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylation reactions using alcohols as radical precursors. Because conventional radical-based alkylation methods require the use of stoichiometric oxidants, increased temperatures or peroxides3,4,5,6,7, a mild protocol using simple and abundant alkylating agents would have considerable use in the synthesis of diversely functionalized pharmacophores. Here we describe the development of a dual catalytic alkylation of heteroarenes, using alcohols as mild alkylating reagents. This method represents the first, to our knowledge, broadly applicable use of unactivated alcohols as latent alkylating reagents, achieved via the successful merger of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. The value of this multi-catalytic protocol has been demonstrated through the late-stage functionalization of the medicinal agents, fasudil and milrinone.

  利用自旋中心转移的生化过程，通过醇作为自由基前体，可以实现温和的、非传统的烷基化反应。这在合成有机化学领域尚未得到充分应用。本文中Jin Jian和David MacMillan展示了一种方法，即利用这一自然发生的自旋中心转移过程，以醇作为自由基前体，实现温和、非传统的烷基化反应。这种方法首次实现了在广泛应用上将非活化醇作为潜在烷基化试剂，其核心是通过光氧化还原与氢原子转移催化的结合来实现。氧化还原过程和自由基中间体在很多生化过程中都存在，包括脱氧核糖核酸的合成和氧化性DNA损伤。DNA生物合成的关键原理之一就是通过自由基介导的水分子消除反应来脱氧核糖核苷酸，这也是"自旋中心转移"的一个例子。在这个过程中，醇的C-O键断裂，形成碳中心的自由基中间产物。虽然自旋中心转移是一个广为人知的生化过程，但在合成有机化学领域，这一方法尚未得到广泛应用。我们想知道是否有可能利用这个自然发生的自旋中心转移过程，以醇作为自由基前体，实现温和、非传统的烷基化反应。传统的基于自由基的烷基化方法通常需要使用化学计量的氧化剂、提高温度或使用过氧化物，因此一个使用简单且丰富的烷基化试剂的温和协议在合成多样功能化的药物分子上具有很大的应用价值。在这里，我们描述了一种使用醇作为温和烷基化试剂的双催化烷基化杂芳烃的方法。据我们所知，这代表了首次在广泛应用上将非活化醇作为潜在烷基化试剂，其成功在于实现了光氧化还原与氢原子转移催化的结合。该多催化协议的价值已通过药物分子法舒地尔和米力农的后期功能化得到展示。
• Methyl Ketone Oxime Esters as Nucleophilic Coupling Partners in Pd-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation and Application in the Synthesis of Isoquinolines
  作者：Zhi-Wei Zhang、Aijun Lin、Jiong Yang

  DOI：10.1021/jo5010586

  日期：2014.8.1

  excellent coupling partners for C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation via Pd-catalyzed aromatic C–H activation. This transformation forms the basis of an approach to regioselectively synthesize substituted isoquinolines via coupling with aryloxime esters. Our mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction proceeded through Pd(II)-catalyzed aromatic C–H activation, tautomerization, and a 1,3-shift of the palladacycle-ligated

  已发现甲基酮肟酯是C（sp 2）–C（sp 3）的极佳偶合伙伴）通过Pd催化的芳族C–H活化形成键。该转化形成了通过与芳基肟酯偶联来区域选择性合成取代的异喹啉的方法的基础。我们的机理研究表明，该反应是通过Pd（II）催化的芳族C–H活化，互变异构以及与Palladacycle连接的甲基酮肟肟酯进行1,3转移而实现的，通过还原消除可形成C–C键。以及亚氨基-Pd（II）中间体的分子内缩合形成杂环。芳基肟基团不仅用作Pd催化的芳族C–H活化的导向基团，而且还用作内部氧化剂，使反应呈氧化还原中性。我们的研究阐明了这种C–H烷基化过程的范围和局限性，