Acyclic amides as estrogen receptor ligands: Synthesis, binding, activity and receptor interaction
摘要:
We have prepared a series of bisphenolic amides that mimic bibenzyl and homobibenzyl motifs commonly found as substructures in ligands for the estrogen receptor (ER). Representative members were prepared from three classes: N-phenyl benzamides, N-phenyl acetamides, and N-benzyl benzamides; in some cases the corresponding thiocarboxamides and sulfonamides were also prepared. Of these three classes, the N-phenyl benzamides had the highest affinity for ER, the N-phenyl acetamides had lower, and the N-benzyl benzamides were prone to fragmentation via a quinone methide intermediate. In the N-phenyl benzamide series, the highest affinity analogues had bulky N-substituents; a CF3 group, in particular, conferred high affinity. The thiocarboxamides bound better than the corresponding carboxamides and these bound better than the corresponding sulfonamides. Binding affinity comparisons suggest that the p-hydroxy group on the benzoate ring, which contributes most to the binding, is playing the role of the phenolic hydroxyl of estradiol. Computational studies and NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis indicate that the two anilide systems studied have a strong preference for the s-cis or exo amide conformation, which places the two aromatic rings in a syn orientation. We used this structural template. together with the X-ray structure of the ER ligand binding domain, to elaborate an additional hydrogen bonding site on a benzamide system that elevated receptor binding further. When assayed on the individual ER subtypes, ER alpha and ER beta, these compounds show modest binding affinity preference for ER alpha. In a reporter gene transfection assay of transcriptional activity, the amides generally have full to nearly full agonist character on ERa, but have moderate to full antagonist character on ER beta. One high affinity carboxamide is 500-fold more potent as an agonist on ER alpha than on ER beta. This work illustrates that ER ligands having simple amide core structures can be readily prepared, but that high affinity binding requires an appropriate distribution of bulk, polarity, and functionality. The strong conformational preference of the core anilide function in all of these ligands defines a rather rigid geometry for further structural and functional expansion of these series. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Acyclic amides as estrogen receptor ligands: Synthesis, binding, activity and receptor interaction
摘要:
We have prepared a series of bisphenolic amides that mimic bibenzyl and homobibenzyl motifs commonly found as substructures in ligands for the estrogen receptor (ER). Representative members were prepared from three classes: N-phenyl benzamides, N-phenyl acetamides, and N-benzyl benzamides; in some cases the corresponding thiocarboxamides and sulfonamides were also prepared. Of these three classes, the N-phenyl benzamides had the highest affinity for ER, the N-phenyl acetamides had lower, and the N-benzyl benzamides were prone to fragmentation via a quinone methide intermediate. In the N-phenyl benzamide series, the highest affinity analogues had bulky N-substituents; a CF3 group, in particular, conferred high affinity. The thiocarboxamides bound better than the corresponding carboxamides and these bound better than the corresponding sulfonamides. Binding affinity comparisons suggest that the p-hydroxy group on the benzoate ring, which contributes most to the binding, is playing the role of the phenolic hydroxyl of estradiol. Computational studies and NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis indicate that the two anilide systems studied have a strong preference for the s-cis or exo amide conformation, which places the two aromatic rings in a syn orientation. We used this structural template. together with the X-ray structure of the ER ligand binding domain, to elaborate an additional hydrogen bonding site on a benzamide system that elevated receptor binding further. When assayed on the individual ER subtypes, ER alpha and ER beta, these compounds show modest binding affinity preference for ER alpha. In a reporter gene transfection assay of transcriptional activity, the amides generally have full to nearly full agonist character on ERa, but have moderate to full antagonist character on ER beta. One high affinity carboxamide is 500-fold more potent as an agonist on ER alpha than on ER beta. This work illustrates that ER ligands having simple amide core structures can be readily prepared, but that high affinity binding requires an appropriate distribution of bulk, polarity, and functionality. The strong conformational preference of the core anilide function in all of these ligands defines a rather rigid geometry for further structural and functional expansion of these series. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Aza-Henry Reaction with CF<sub>3</sub>-Ketimines: An Efficient Approach to Trifluoromethylated β-Nitroamines, 1,2-Diamines, α-Aminooximes, and Imidazolidinones
作者:Irina V. Kutovaya、Olga I. Shmatova、Viktor M. Tkachuk、Nina V. Melnichenko、Mikhail V. Vovk、Valentine G. Nenajdenko
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201500898
日期:2015.10
and trifluoroacetophenones were studied in aza-Henryreactions with nitroalkanes. We found that nitromethane and nitropropane react with CF3-substituted ketimines to form the target β-nitroamines in high yield. The aza-Henryreaction proceeded under mild conditions in the presence of an appropriate base. A new simple method for the synthesis of β-nitroamines bearing CF3 group was developed. α-CF3-β-nitroamines
A physico-chemical investigation of fluorine-enriched quinolines
作者:Fallia Aribi、Armen Panossian、Denis Jacquemin、Jean-Pierre Vors、Sergii Pazenok、Frédéric R. Leroux、Mourad Elhabiri
DOI:10.1039/c8nj00916c
日期:——
Quinoline derivatives bearing fluoroalkyl groups at both 2 and 4 positions are scarcely described in the literature. Nevertheless, the addition of fluorine onto the quinoline core might bring about new interesting physico-chemical properties. To confirm this hypothesis a homogenous series of 2,4-bis(fluoroalkyl)-substituted quinolines was synthesized under mild reaction conditions and their physico-chemical
A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Optically Pure β-Fluoroalkyl β-Amino Acid Derivatives
作者:Santos Fustero、Carlos del Pozo、Silvia Catalán、José Alemán、Alejandro Parra、Vanesa Marcos、José Luis García Ruano
DOI:10.1021/ol802733t
日期:2009.2.5
The first general approach for the diastereoselective formation of a variety of opticallypure anti-β-fluoroalkyl β-amino acid derivatives is described. The process relies on the stereocontrolled reaction, mediated by a remote sulfoxide, of fluorinated imines with sulfinylated benzyl carbanions, which are used as synthetic equivalents of chiral ester enolates.
Copper-catalyzed condensation of imines and α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds: modular and regiocontrolled synthesis of multisubstituted pyrroles
作者:Wei Wen Tan、Naohiko Yoshikai
DOI:10.1039/c5sc02322j
日期:——
In the presence of a copper(II) catalyst, enolizable imines bearing various N-substituents and α-diazo-β-ketoesters undergo denitrogenative and dehydrative condensation to afford highly substituted pyrroles in moderate to good yields with exclusive regioselectivity. The reaction likely involves nucleophilic addition of the imine nitrogen to a copper carbenoid, tautomerization of the resulting azomethine