The electrochemical fluorination of nitrogen-containing carboxylic acids. Fluorination of dimethylamino- or diethylamino-substituted carboxylic acid derivatives
The electrochemical fluorination of six derivatives of dimethylamino- or diethylamino-substituted carboxylicacids has been conducted. As the main fluorination products, cyclized and cleaved products as well as the desired N-containing perfluoroacid fluorides were formed, and their ratios depended on the chain length and the structure of the starting carboxylicacids, and the nature of the dialkylamino
Several 2-(hydroxyethyl)-substituted alkylamines like 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamine, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylamine, and N,N,N-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine as well as their derivatives (HCl salts, a borate and trimethylsilylethers) were subjected to electrochemical fluorination. From 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, F-[1,4-bis(fluorocarbonylmethyl)piperazine]
Thermal decomposition of perfluoro(dimethylaminoacetic) acidalkalisalts was carried out at 220–310°C. A potassium salt gave CF3NCF2 as the principal product in moderate yield, together with CF3NCFCF3 and (CF3)2NCFCF2. Sodium and lithium salts gave (CF3)2NCFCFN(CF3)2 and (CF3)2NCF2C(O)X (X=F, OH) as the main products.
Simons electrochemical fluorination (ECF) of 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-homopiperazine, methyl 4-ethylhomopiperazin-1-ylacetate and 1, 4-bis(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4-homopiperazine was studied. For comparison, ECF of three piperazines with a N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl) group(s) was also studied. ECF of 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-homopiperazine gave a low yield of corresponding perfluoro(1,4dimethyl-1,4-homopiperazine) together with perfluoro(2,6-diaza-2,6-dimethylheptane) as the major product. Corresponding perfluoro(homopiperazines) with mono- and/or di-(fluorocarbonyldifluoromethyl) groups [-CF2C(O)F] at the 1- and/or 4-position were formed in low yields from methyl 4-ethylhomopiperazin-1-ylacetate and 1,4-bis(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4-homopiperazine, respectively. These new seven-membered perfluoro(1,4-dialkyl-1,4-homopiperazines) were accompanied by the formation of mono- and/or di-basic linear perfluoroacid fluorides resulting from the C-C bond scission at the 2- and 3-positions of the ring. From mono- and/or di-N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-substituted piperazines, corresponding perfluoropeperazines having the acid fluoride group(s) were formed in low yields. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.