2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-butyric acid ethyl ester | 2406-21-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 英文名称: 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-butyric acid ethyl ester
• 英文别名: ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutanoate；2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-buttersaeure-aethylester；(+/-)-α-Aethyl-α-hydroxy-phenylessigsaeure-aethylester
• CAS: 2406-21-5；57056-84-5
• 化学式: C₁₂H₁₆O₃
• 分子量: 208.257
• InChiKey: MFURVCXABHZSQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  311.9±22.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.095±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.2
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.42
• 拓扑面积：
  46.5
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-butyric acid ethyl ester 生成 2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutanoic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Grignard, Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1902, vol. 135, p. 629

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-羟基-2-乙基-2-苯基乙腈 在 盐酸 、 sodium hydroxide 、 硫酸 作用下， 以 甲醇 为溶剂， 反应 24.0h， 生成 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-butyric acid ethyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies for Hydantoins and Analogues as Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Ligands

  摘要：

  We previously developed a preliminary 3-D QSAR model for the binding of 14 hydantoins to the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel; this model was successful in designing,an effective non-hydantoin ligand. To further understand structural features that result in optimum binding. here we synthesized a variety of compound classes and evaluated their binding affinities to the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel using the [H-3]-batrachotoxinin A 20-a-benzoate ([H-3]BTX-B) binding assay. In order to understand the importance of the hydantoin ring for good sodium channel binding, related non-hydantoins such as hydroxy amides, oxazolidinediones, hydroxy acids, and amino acids were included. Two major conclusions were drawn: (1) The hydantoin ring is not critical for compounds with long alkyl side chains, but it is important for compounds with shorter side chains. (2) Relative to Khodorov's pharmacophore. which contains two hydrophobic regions, a third hydrophobic region may enhance binding to provide nanomolar inhibitors.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm040077o

文献信息

• Ethyl Mandelate as a Convenient New Benzoyl Anion Equivalent
  作者：R. Aitken、Andrew Thomas

  DOI：10.1055/s-1997-770

  日期：1997.3

  Ethyl mandelate acts as a convenient benzoyl anion equivalent for the formation of alkyl aryl ketones by deprotonation-alkylation followed by flash vacuum pyrolysis.

  乙烯基苯乙酸酯作为一种方便的苯甲酰负离子等效物，通过去质子化-烷基化反应后进行闪式真空热裂解，可用于形成烷基芳基酮。
• Zinc(ii)-catalyzed Grignard additions to ketones with RMgBr and RMgI
  作者：Manabu Hatano、Orie Ito、Shinji Suzuki、Kazuaki Ishihara

  DOI：10.1039/b926243a

  日期：——

  Highly efficient alkylations and arylations of ketones with Grignard reagents (RMgBr and RMgI) have been developed using catalytic ZnCl(2), Me(3)SiCH(2)MgCl, and LiCl. Tertiary alcohols were obtained in high yields with high chemoselectivities, while minimizing undesired side products produced by reduction and enolization.

  使用催化ZnCl（2），Me（3）SiCH（2）MgCl和LiCl已开发了使用格氏试剂（RMgBr和RMgI）进行的酮的高效烷基化和芳基化反应。以高收率和高化学选择性获得叔醇，同时使通过还原和烯醇化产生的不希望的副产物最小化。
• Zinc(II)-Catalyzed Addition of Grignard Reagents to Ketones
  作者：Manabu Hatano、Orie Ito、Shinji Suzuki、Kazuaki Ishihara

  DOI：10.1021/jo100563p

  日期：2010.8.6

  The addition of organometallic reagents to carbonyl compounds has become a versatile method for synthesizing tertiary and secondary alcohols via carbon−carbon bond formation. However, due to the lack of good nucleophilicity or the presence of strong basicity of organometallic reagents, the efficient synthesis of tertiary alcohols from ketones has been particularly difficult and, thus, limited. We recently

  向羰基化合物中添加有机金属试剂已成为通过碳-碳键形成合成叔醇和仲醇的通用方法。然而，由于缺乏良好的亲核性或存在有机金属试剂的强碱性，由酮有效地合成叔醇特别困难并且因此受到限制。我们最近使用ZnCl 2，Me 3 SiCH 2开发了格氏试剂（RMgX：R =烷基，芳基； X = Cl，Br，I），对酮进行了高效的催化烷基化和芳基化反应MgCl和LiCl，可有效减少有问题的副反应。原则上，对于加成羰基化合物，RMgBr和RMgI的反应性不如RMgCl。因此，这种新颖的方法与均相催化的ZnCl 2 ·我3 SICH 2 MgCl·LiCl是相当有吸引力的，因为RMgBr和RMGI，其易于制备和/或可商购的，如RMgCl，可以成功地应用。除酮和醛以外，醛亚胺也有效地用于该催化反应，并以高收率获得了相应的仲胺。关于β-甲硅烷基效应和盐效应的机理细节，原位制备[R（Me 3 SiCH 2）2 Zn] -
• Mechanism and scope of salen bifunctional catalysts in asymmetric aldehyde and α-ketoester alkylation
  作者：Michael W. Fennie、Erin F. DiMauro、Erin M. O'Brien、Venkatachalam Annamalai、Marisa C. Kozlowski

  DOI：10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.117

  日期：2005.6

  complexes of C2-symmetric Lewis acid/Lewis base salen ligands provide bifunctional activation resulting in rapid rates in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes (up to 92% ee). Further experiments probed the reactivity of the individual Lewis acid and Lewis base components of the catalyst and established that both moieties are essential for asymmetric catalysis. These catalysts are also

  C 2对称的路易斯酸/路易斯碱塞伦配体的金属配合物提供双功能激活，从而使二乙基锌对醛的对映选择性加成速率加快（最高ee为92％）。进一步的实验探查了催化剂中各个路易斯酸和路易斯碱组分的反应性，并确定这两个部分对于不对称催化都是必不可少的。这些催化剂在将二乙基锌不对称加成到α-酮酸酯中也是有效的。这一发现意义重大，因为单独的α-酮酸酯充当其自身的配体，以加速Et 2的外消旋1,2-羰基加成反应锌与外消旋羰基还原。后者通过金属茂途径进行，并且通常占主要产物。奇异的路易斯酸催化剂不能在这两个竞争路径上加速对映选择性的1，2-加成。然而，双官能氨基塞伦催化剂以优异的收率，完全的化学选择性和良好的对映选择性（高达88％ee）快速提供对映体富集的1,2-加成产物。合成了双功能氨基塞隆的文库，并在该反应中进行了评估。已经在鸦片拮抗剂的合成中证明了α-酮酸酯方法的实用性。
• Development of Bifunctional Salen Catalysts:  Rapid, Chemoselective Alkylations of α-Ketoesters
  作者：Erin F. DiMauro、Marisa C. Kozlowski

  DOI：10.1021/ja026498h

  日期：2002.10.1

  which is a major coproduct with other catalysts, is not observed with these bifunctional salens. As a result, high yields of the addition products can be obtained (57−99%). Both the Lewis acid and Lewis base portions of the catalyst are critical to the reactivity and selectivity. The two separate portions of the catalyst have been shown to function in a cooperative manner.

  Lewis酸-Lewis碱salen配合物已被确定为将二烷基锌添加到α-酮酯中的高效催化剂。与醛或酮相比，二乙基锌和 α-酮酯之间的反应在没有催化剂的情况下是显着的。在催化剂的存在下，反应速率相对于背景增加了 100 多倍。此外，使用这些双功能Salens 没有观察到还原产物，它是其他催化剂的主要副产物。结果，可以获得高产率的加成产物（57-99%）。催化剂的路易斯酸和路易斯碱部分对反应性和选择性都至关重要。催化剂的两个独立部分已显示出协同作用。