Mild and Selective Hydrozirconation of Amides to Aldehydes Using Cp2Zr(H)Cl: Scope and Mechanistic Insight
摘要:
An investigation of the use of Cp2Zr(H)Cl (Schwartz's reagent) to reduce a variety of amides to the corresponding aldehydes under very mild reaction conditions and in high yields is reported. A range of tertiary amides, including Weinreb's amides, can be converted directly to the corresponding aldehydes with remarkable chemoselectivity. Primary and secondary amides proved to be viable substrates for reduction as well, although the yields were somewhat diminished as compared to the corresponding tertiary amides. Results from NMR experiments suggested the presence of a stable, 18-electron zirconacycle intermediate that presumably affords the aldehyde upon water or silica gel workup. A series of competition experiments revealed a preference of the reagent for substrates in which the lone pair of the nitrogen is electron releasing and thus more delocalized across the amide bond by resonance. This trend accounts for the observed excellent selectivity for tertiary amides versus esters. Experiments regarding the solvent dependence of the reaction suggested a kinetic profile similar to that postulated for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes. Addition of p-anisidine to the reaction intermediate resulted in the formation of the corresponding imine mimicking the addition of water that forms the aldehyde.
Derivatives of 4-(Thio- or Selenoxanthene-9-ylidene)-piperidine or acridine and its use as a selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist
申请人:——
公开号:US20030166672A1
公开(公告)日:2003-09-04
The present invention relates to derivatives of 4-(Thio- or Selenoxanthene-9-ylidene)-piperidine or acridine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, use of these compounds as a medicament and for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of a disease state which can be alleviated by treatment with a 5-HT2B antagonist.
DERIVATIVES OF 4-(THIO-OR SELENOXANTHENE-9-YLIDENE)-PIPERIDINE OR ACRIDINE AND ITS USE AS A SELECTIVE 5-HT2B RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
申请人:Lubbert Hermann
公开号:US20060183905A1
公开(公告)日:2006-08-17
The present invention relates to derivatives of 4-(Thio- or Selenoxanthene-9-ylidene)-piperidine or acridine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, use of these compounds as a medicament and for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of a disease state which can be alleviated by treatment with a 5-HT2B antagonist.