Spectroscopic, microscopic and first rheological investigations in charge-transfer interaction induced organogels
作者:Rajat K. Das、Supratim Banerjee、Guillaume Raffy、André Del Guerzo、Jean-Pierre Desvergne、Uday Maitra
DOI:10.1039/c0jm01192d
日期:——
This article describes two-component charge-transfer interaction mediated organogels (CT-gels) derived from anthracene carboxamides obtained from 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), and 2,3-dialkoxyanthracenes as donors, with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF) as the common acceptor. We demonstrate the versatility of TNF as an electron acceptor in the formation of these gels. The effect of subtle changes in the donor structure on the gelation ability has been investigated by varying the alkyl chain length in the dialkoxyanthracene donors, and by varying the position of the TRIS substituent in the anthracene carboxamide donors. Distinct differences have been observed in the nature of the CT-gels based on these two kinds of anthracene donors. It has been reported in the literature that 2,3-dialkoxyanthracenes form gels on their own in various aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols for linear alkyl chains bearing at least 6 carbon atoms (C6). In the present study, it is shown that the CT-complex of these molecules with TNF is able to gel many alcoholic and a few hydrocarbon solvents. Also, in the presence of TNF, the 2,3-dialkoxyanthracenes (C4–C5) which were non-gelators on their own at ambient temperatures, form CT-gels in a number of alcohols. The other series of gelators discussed, the anthracene carboxamides, require the mandatory presence of TNF to form gels. This donor–acceptor complex forms gels in various aliphatic alcohols. Interestingly, the formation of these CT-gels requires rapid cooling in most of the cases. Thermal stability studies with both types of CT-gels indicate an optimum stoichiometry of 1 : 1 between the donor and the acceptor. Dynamic rheological experiments reveal these gels as viscoelastic soft materials, with the mechanical strength of these gels depending on the amount of TNF present. This provides a means to tune the strength of the gel by varying the doping concentration of the acceptor.
本文介绍了以 2-氨基-2-羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇(TRIS)和 2,3-二烷氧基蒽为供体,以 2,4,7-三硝基芴酮(TNF)为共同受体的蒽羧酰胺衍生的双组分电荷转移相互作用介导有机凝胶(CT-凝胶)。我们展示了 TNF 作为电子受体在形成这些凝胶过程中的多功能性。通过改变二氧蒽供体中烷基链的长度和蒽羧酰胺供体中 TRIS 取代基的位置,研究了供体结构的微妙变化对凝胶能力的影响。在这两种蒽供体的基础上观察到 CT 凝胶的性质存在明显差异。据文献报道,2,3-二烷氧基蒽在含有至少 6 个碳原子(C6)的线性烷基链的各种脂肪族碳氢化合物和醇中可自行形成凝胶。本研究表明,这些分子与 TNF 的 CT 复合物能够在多种醇类溶剂和少数烃类溶剂中形成凝胶。此外,在 TNF 的存在下,2,3-二烷氧基蒽(C4-C5)在常温下本身是非凝胶体,但在一些醇中却能形成 CT 凝胶。所讨论的另一系列凝胶剂,即蒽羧酰胺,则需要 TNF 的强制存在才能形成凝胶。这种供体-受体复合物可在各种脂肪醇中形成凝胶。有趣的是,这些 CT 凝胶的形成在大多数情况下都需要快速冷却。对这两种 CT 凝胶的热稳定性研究表明,供体和受体之间的最佳化学计量为 1 :1 的最佳配比。动态流变实验表明,这些凝胶是粘弹性软材料,其机械强度取决于 TNF 的含量。这提供了一种通过改变受体的掺杂浓度来调节凝胶强度的方法。