4-正己基苯甲腈 | 29147-95-3

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 4-正己基苯甲腈
• 中文别名: 对甲基苄晴
• 英文名称: 4-hexylbenzonitrile
• 英文别名: 4-n-hexylbenzonitrile
• CAS: 29147-95-3
• 化学式: C₁₃H₁₇N
• 分子量: 187.285
• InChiKey: QLSILVVVEOHLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 稳定性/保质期：
  如果按照规格使用和储存，不会发生分解，也未有已知的危险反应。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  4.3
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.46
• 拓扑面积：
  23.8
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2926909090
• 储存条件：
  请将贮藏器密封，并将其存放在阴凉、干燥处。确保工作间具有良好的通风或排气装置。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  4-正己基苯甲腈 在 三甲基铝 、 氯化铵 、 silica gel 作用下， 以 甲苯 、 甲醇 、 氯仿 为溶剂， 反应 1.0h， 以58%的产率得到4-n-hexylbenzamidine hydrochloride
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Understanding Binding Affinity:  A Combined Isothermal Titration Calorimetry/Molecular Dynamics Study of the Binding of a Series of Hydrophobically Modified Benzamidinium Chloride Inhibitors to Trypsin

  摘要：

  The binding of a series of p-alkylbenzamidinium chloride inhibitors to the serine proteinase trypsin over a range of temperatures has been studied using isothermal titration (micro)calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The inhibitors have small structural variations at the para position of the benzamidinium ion. They show small differences in relative binding affinity but large compensating differences in enthalpy and entropy. Binding affinity decreases with increased branching at the first carbon but increases with increasing the length of a linear alkyl substituent, suggesting that steric hindrance and hydrophobic interactions play dominant roles in binding. Structural analysis showed that the backbone of the enzyme was unaffected by the change of the para substituent. In addition, binding does not correlate strongly with octanol/water partition data. To further characterize this system, the change in the heat capacity on binding, the change in solvent-accessible surface area on binding, the effect of inhibitor binding on the hydration of the active site, the pK(a) of His57, and interactions within the catalytic triad have been investigated. Although the changes in inhibitor structure are small, it is demonstrated that simple concepts such as steric hindrance, hydrophobicity, and buried surface area are insufficient to explain the binding data. Other factors, such as access to the binding site and the cost of dehydration of the active site, are of equal or greater importance.

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja034676g
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1-溴戊烷 在 palladium on activated charcoal 正丁基锂 、 氢气 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 乙酸乙酯 为溶剂， 反应 14.0h， 生成 4-正己基苯甲腈
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Design of inhibitors from the three-dimensional structure of alcohol dehydrogenase. Chemical synthesis and enzymic properties

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja00323a048

文献信息

• Iron catalyzed cross coupling reactions of aromatic compounds
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20030220498A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-11-27

  A process for the production of compounds Ar—R 1 by means of a cross-coupling reaction of an organometallic reagent R 1 —M with an aromatic or heteroaromatic substrate Ar—X catalyzed by one or several iron salts or iron complexes as catalysts or pre-catalysts, present homogeneously or heterogeneously in the reaction mixture. This new invention exhibits substantial advantages over established cross coupling methodology using palladium- or nickel complexes as the catalysts. Most notable aspects are the fact that (i) expensive and/or toxic nobel metal catalysts are replaced by cheap, stable, commercially available and toxicologically benign iron salts or iron complexes as the catalysts or pre-catalysts, (ii) commercially attractive aryl chlorides as well as various aryl sulfonates can be used as starting materials, (iii) the reaction can be performed under “ligand-free” conditons, and (iv) the reaction times are usually very short.

  通过使用一种或多种铁盐或铁络合物作为催化剂或前催化剂，在有机金属试剂R1—M与芳香或杂芳底物Ar—X之间进行交叉偶联反应的方法，生产化合物Ar—R1。这一新发明相对于使用钯或镍络合物作为催化剂的传统交叉偶联方法具有显著优势。最值得注意的方面包括：(i) 昂贵和/或有毒的贵金属催化剂被廉价、稳定、商业可获得且毒理学上良性的铁盐或铁络合物替代作为催化剂或前催化剂，(ii) 商业上具吸引力的芳基氯化物以及各种芳基磺酸盐可用作起始材料，(iii) 反应可在“无配体”条件下进行，(iv) 反应时间通常非常短。
• Thiol-Catalyzed Radical Decyanation of Aliphatic Nitriles with Sodium Borohydride
  作者：Takuji Kawamoto、Kyohei Oritani、Dennis P. Curran、Akio Kamimura

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00626

  日期：2018.4.6

  Radical decyanation of aliphatic nitriles was achieved in the presence of NaBH4 and a thiol. The reaction proceeds via a radical mechanism involving borane radical anion addition to nitrile to form an iminyl radical, which undergoes carbon–carbon cleavage. Reductive radical addition to acrylonitrile is followed by decyanation to give a two-carbon homologated product in a net radical ethylation reaction

  在NaBH 4和硫醇的存在下，脂族腈的自由基发生了脱氰。反应是通过自由基机理进行的，该机理涉及将硼烷自由基阴离子加到腈上形成亚氨基自由基，然后进行碳-碳裂解。向丙烯腈中还原性自由基加成后，进行脱氰，在净自由基乙基化反应中得到两碳均聚物。
• Visible-Light-Induced Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Alkylzirconocenes from Unactivated Alkenes
  作者：Yadong Gao、Chao Yang、Songlin Bai、Xiaolei Liu、Qingcui Wu、Jing Wang、Chao Jiang、Xiangbing Qi

  DOI：10.1016/j.chempr.2019.12.010

  日期：2020.3

  Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between naturally abundant sp3-hybridized carbon centers facilitate access to diverse molecules with complex three-dimensional structures. Organometallic compounds are among one of the most powerful reagents that are broadly used in carbon–carbon bond formations. Although sp2-hybridized organometallic compounds are widely employed in cross-couplings, sp3-hybridized

  自然丰富的sp 3-杂化碳中心之间的过渡金属催化交叉偶联反应有助于获得具有复杂三维结构的各种分子。有机金属化合物是最强大的试剂之一，广泛用于碳-碳键的形成。尽管sp 2-杂化的有机金属化合物广泛用于交叉偶联，但是sp 3-杂化的有机金属偶联剂的开发较少。在这里，我们报告可见光诱导的单个镍催化的C（sp 3）–C（sp 3），C（sp 3）–C（sp 2）和C（sp 3）–C（sp）使用烷基锆茂的交叉偶联反应，该反应很容易从末端或内部未活化的烯烃通过加氢锆和链步反应就地生成。该方法温和，适用于多种底物，包括伯，仲，叔烷基，芳基，烯基，炔基卤化物和各种烯烃。机理研究表明，镍催化的自由基交叉偶联是一种新颖的途径，代表了锆锆茂的首次可见光诱导的转变。
• Hydrodecyanation of Secondary Alkyl Nitriles and Malononitriles to Alkanes using DiMeImd-BH₃
  作者：Takuji Kawamoto、Kyohei Oritani、Atsushi Kawabata、Tsubasa Morioka、Hiroshi Matsubara、Akio Kamimura

  DOI：10.1021/acs.joc.0c00105

  日期：2020.5.1

  The decyanation of secondary aliphatic nitriles and the 2-fold decyanation of malononitriles leading to alkanes in the presence of 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene borane (diMeImd-BH3) are reported. These reactions proceed via a radical mechanism that involves the addition of a borane radical to the nitrile to form an iminyl radical, followed by cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond. Theoretical calculations

  据报道，在1，3-二甲基咪唑-2-亚烷基硼烷（diMeImd-BH3）存在下，仲脂肪族腈的脱氰作用和丙二腈的2倍脱氰作用生成烷烃。这些反应通过自由基机理进行，该自由基机理包括向腈中加入硼烷自由基以形成亚氨基自由基，然后裂解碳-碳键。理论计算表明，这些亚胺基的β-裂解是该反应中决定速率的步骤，该裂解提供了NHC-BH2CN和相应的烷基。
• Alkyl Carbagermatranes Enable Practical Palladium-Catalyzed sp²–sp³ Cross-Coupling
  作者：Meng-Yu Xu、Wei-Tao Jiang、Ying Li、Qing-Hao Xu、Qiao-Lan Zhou、Shuo Yang、Bin Xiao

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.9b02776

  日期：2019.5.8

  be highly reactive in cross-coupling reactions with our newly developed electron-deficient phosphine ligands. Generally, secondary alkyl carbagermatranes show slightly lower, yet comparable activity to its Sn analogue. Meanwhile, primary alkyl carbagermatranes exhibit high activity, and they were also proved stable enough to be compatible with various reactions. Chiral secondary benzyl carbagermatrane

  钯催化的交叉偶联反应在过去几十年中取得了巨大的成就。然而，由于与 C(sp2) 杂交对应物相比，C(sp3) 杂交亲核试剂的金属转移缓慢，因此它们通常仍然是具有挑战性的偶联伙伴。虽然使用 C(sp3)-杂化亲核试剂的基于单电子转移的策略最近取得了重大进展，但在涉及 C(sp3)-杂化亲核试剂的传统双电子机制方面取得的突破较少。在本报告中，我们展示了一系列独特的烷基卡巴格马酯，它们被证明在与我们新开发的缺电子膦配体的交叉偶联反应中具有高反应性。通常，仲烷基卡巴格马特拉的活性略低，但与其 Sn 类似物的活性相当。同时，伯烷基卡巴杰马酯具有高活性，并且它们也被证明足够稳定以与各种反应相容。手性仲苄基卡巴杰马特拉在无碱/无添加剂条件下得到偶联产物，其构型完全反转，表明金属转移是在“SE2(open) Inv”途径中进行的，这与 Hiyama 之前的观察结果一致。值得注意的是，伯烷基卡巴格马特拉的交

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