3-甲基丁基 4-氧代戊酸酯 | 71172-75-3

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 酮酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 3-甲基丁基 4-氧代戊酸酯
• 中文别名: 8-喹啉磺酸,4-氯-；3-甲基丁基4-氧代戊酸酯
• 英文名称: isopentyl 4-oxopentanoate
• 英文别名: levulinic acid isopentyl ester；Laevulinsaeure-isopentylester；isoamyl levulinate；3-methylbutyl 4-oxopentanoate
• CAS: 71172-75-3
• 化学式: C₁₀H₁₈O₃
• mdl: MFCD00797946
• 分子量: 186.251
• InChiKey: NYIALINCMIXBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  238-240 °C
• 密度：
  0.95921 g/cm3
• 溶解度：
  Almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and oils.
• LogP：
  1.81
• 物理描述：
  Clear colourless liquid; Light ethereal carmellic aroma
• 折光率：
  1.427-1.433
• 保留指数：
  1284

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.4
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  7
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.8
• 拓扑面积：
  43.4
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  3-甲基丁基 4-氧代戊酸酯 生成 4-phenylhydrazono-valeric acid isopentyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Sah; Ma, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1930, vol. 52, p. 4883

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 硫酸 作用下， 生成 3-甲基丁基 4-氧代戊酸酯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Effects of Tower Climbing Exercise on Bone Mass, Strength, and Turnover in Growing Rats

  摘要：

  为了确定爬塔运动对骨骼质量、强度和局部周转的影响，我们将 50 只 10 周大的 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠分为五组：一组为基线对照组，两组分别为静坐组和运动组。大鼠自愿爬上 200 厘米高的塔，从塔顶的瓶子里喝水。4周后，腰椎和胫骨的骨小梁形成率（BFR/骨表面[BS]）、骨量（BV/TV）和骨小梁厚度（Tb.Th）以及胫骨的骨矿物质密度（BMD）均有所增加，而破骨细胞表面（Oc.S）则有所减少。中腓骨的参数值，如总横截面积、惯性矩、骨膜矿化面（MS/BS）、矿物质附着率（MAR）、BFR/BS 和弯曲负荷都有所增加，而骨膜矿化面（MAR）则有所减少。8 周后，股骨和胫骨的骨矿物质含量（BMC）、BMD 以及股骨的弯曲负荷值均显著增加，但攀爬运动并未增加腰椎的骨矿物质含量、BMD 或压缩负荷。虽然骨膜MS/BS、MAR和BFR/BS有所增加，但骨膜内MS/BS、MAR和BFR/BS却有所减少。这些结果表明，爬山运动对股骨皮质和胫骨小梁而非椎骨小梁有益处。在股骨中段，对骨形成的影响具有部位特异性，支持机械刺激加速皮质漂移。

  DOI：

  10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.1.166

文献信息

• BITTER TASTE MODIFIERS INCLUDING SUBSTITUTED 1-BENZYL-3-(1-(ISOXAZOL-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)IMIDAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
  申请人：SENOMYX, INC.

  公开号：US20160376263A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-12-29

  The present invention includes compounds and compositions known to modify the perception of bitter taste, and combinations of said compositions and compounds with additional compositions, compounds, and products. Exemplary compositions comprise one or more of the following: cooling agents; inactive drug ingredients; active pharmaceutical ingredients; food additives or foodstuffs; flavorants, or flavor enhancers; food or beverage products; bitter compounds; sweeteners; bitterants; sour flavorants; salty flavorants; umami flavorants; plant or animal products; compounds known to be used in pet care products; compounds known to be used in personal care products; compounds known to be used in home products; pharmaceutical preparations; topical preparations; cannabis-derived or cannabis-related products; compounds known to be used in oral care products; beverages; scents, perfumes, or odorants; compounds known to be used in consumer products; silicone compounds; abrasives; surfactants; warming agents; smoking articles; fats, oils, or emulsions; and/or probiotic bacteria or supplements.

  本发明涵盖已知用于改变苦味感知的化合物和组合物，以及所述组合物和化合物与额外的组合物、化合物和产品的组合。示例组合物包括以下一种或多种：冷却剂；无活性药物成分；活性药用成分；食品添加剂或食品；调味剂或调味增强剂；食品或饮料产品；苦味化合物；甜味剂；苦味剂；酸味调味剂；咸味调味剂；鲜味调味剂；植物或动物产品；已知用于宠物护理产品中的化合物；已知用于个人护理产品中的化合物；已知用于家用产品中的化合物；制药制剂；局部制剂；大麻衍生或与大麻相关的产品；已知用于口腔护理产品中的化合物；饮料；香味、香水或除臭剂；已知用于消费品中的化合物；硅化合物；磨料；表面活性剂；发热剂；吸烟物品；脂肪、油脂或乳化剂；和/或益生菌或补充剂。
• Effects of a New Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (MDL 103,323) on Cancellous and Cortical Bone in Ovariectomized Ewes: A Biochemical, Histomorphometric, and Densitometric Study
  作者：Pascale Chavassieux、Patrick Garnero、Francois Duboeuf、Philippe Vergnaud、Francoise Brunner-Ferber、Pierre D. Delmas、Pierre J. Meunier

  DOI：10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.1.89

  日期：——

  The aims of this study performed in ewes were: (1) to confirm in this animal model the effects on bone of ovariectomy (OVX) alone or associated with Lentaron (L), a potent peripheral aromatase inhibitor, used to amplify the effects of OVX and (2) to evaluate the effects of a new selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM; MDL 103,323) on bone remodeling. Thirty‐nine old ewes were divided into five groups: sham (n = 7); OVX (n = 8); OVX + L (n = 8); OVX + L + MDL; 0.1 mg/kg per day (n = 8); and OVX + L + MDL 1 mg/kg per day (n = 8). The animals were treated for 6 months. Biochemical markers of bone turnover (urinary excretion of type 1 collagen C‐telopeptide [CTX], serum osteocalcin [OC], and bone alkaline phosphatase [BAP]) were measured each month. Bone biopsy specimens were taken at the beginning and after death at the end of the experiment. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) on the lumbar spine and femur. OVX induced a significant increase in biochemical markers. This effect was the highest after 3 months for CTX (+156% vs. sham) and after 4 months for OC and BAP (+74% and +53% vs. sham, respectively). L tended to amplify the effect of OVX on OC and BAP. OVX induced significant increases in the porosity, eroded, and osteoid surfaces in cortical bone but no effect was observed in cancellous bone. MDL treatment reduced the bone turnover as assessed by bone markers, which returned to sham levels as well as histomorphometry both in cortical and in cancellous bone. Cancellous osteoid thickness decreased by 27% (p < 0.05), mineralizing perimeter by 81% (p < 0.05), and activation frequency by 84% (p < 0.02) versus OVX + L. Femoral and spinal BMD were increased by MDL and tended to return to the sham values. The effects of OVX on bone turnover were different on cortical and cancellous bone. These effects on cortical bone were reflected by changes in biochemical markers. MDL markedly reduces bone turnover and increases BMD suggesting that this new agent may prevent postmenopausal bone loss.

  本研究在母羊中进行，旨在：(1) 在这一动物模型中确认单独或联合使用强效外周芳香化酶抑制剂Lentaron（L）的卵巢切除术（OVX）对骨骼的影响，以增强OVX的效果；(2) 评估一种新的选择性雌激素受体调节剂（SERM；MDL 103,323）对骨重建的影响。研究共纳入39只老母羊，分为五组：假手术组（n = 7）；OVX组（n = 8）；OVX + L组（n = 8）；OVX + L + MDL 0.1 mg/kg每日至（n = 8）；OVX + L + MDL 1 mg/kg每日至（n = 8）。动物治疗持续了6个月。每月测量骨代谢的生化标记物（尿中1型胶原C末端肽[CTX]、血清骨钙素[OC]和骨碱性磷酸酶[BAP]）。在实验开始时及结束时对死亡后的骨活检标本进行取样。通过双能X射线吸收法（DXA）测量腰椎和股骨的骨矿密度（BMD）。OVX显著提高了生化标记物的水平。这一效应在3个月后CTX达到最高值（+156%对比假手术组），在4个月后OC和BAP分别增加了74%和53%。L倾向于增强OVX对OC和BAP的影响。OVX使皮质骨的孔隙度、侵蚀面和骨样面显著增加，但海绵骨未观察到影响。MDL治疗降低了骨代谢，生化标记物恢复至假手术组水平，组织形态学分析显示皮质和海绵骨均如此。海绵骨骨样厚度减少了27%（p < 0.05），矿化边缘减少了81%（p < 0.05），激活频率减少了84%（p < 0.02），相较于OVX + L组。MDL使股骨和脊柱的BMD增加，并趋向恢复至假手术组水平。OVX对骨代谢的影响在皮质骨和海绵骨上有所不同。这些对皮质骨的影响体现在生化标记物的变化上。MDL显著降低了骨代谢并增加了BMD，提示该新剂可能预防绝经后骨质流失。
• Silica-supported sulfonic acids as recyclable catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols
  作者：Raimondo Maggi、N Raveendran Shiju、Veronica Santacroce、Giovanni Maestri、Franca Bigi、Gadi Rothenberg

  DOI：10.3762/bjoc.12.207

  日期：——

  Converting biomass into value-added chemicals holds the key to sustainable long-term carbon resource management. In this context, levulinic acid, which is easily obtained from cellulose, is valuable since it can be transformed into a variety of industrially relevant fine chemicals. Here we present a simple protocol for the selective esterification of levulinic acid using solid acid catalysts. Silica supported sulfonic acid catalysts operate under mild conditions and give good conversion and selectivity with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols. The sulfonic acid groups are tethered to the support using organic tethers. These tethers may help in preventing the deactivation of the active sites in the presence of water.

  将生物质转化为增值化学品是可持续长期碳资源管理的关键。在这种情况下，从纤维素轻松获得的左旋糖酸是有价值的，因为它可以转化为各种工业相关的精细化学品。在这里，我们提出了一种使用固体酸催化剂选择性酯化左旋糖酸的简单方案。硅胶支撑的磺酸催化剂在温和条件下运作，并且在与醇的化学计量比下具有良好的转化率和选择性。磺酸基团通过有机链固定在支撑物上。这些链可能有助于在水存在的情况下防止活性位点的失活。
• Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinate Esters over Zirconia and its Modified Forms Coated on Honeycomb Monoliths: Green Synthesis
  作者：Reena Saritha Serrao、S.Z. Mohamed Shamshuddin、Joyce D'souza

  DOI：10.14233/ajchem.2019.22102

  日期：2019.8.10

  A series of solid acid catalysts such as ZrO2, Mo(VI)/ZrO2 and W(VI)/ZrO2 have been coated on honeycomb monoliths as well as synthesized in the powder forms and used as catalytic materials for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol. These solid acids were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD/n-butyl amine back titration, FTIR, PXRD and SEM techniques. Effects of various reaction parameters towards the reaction performance were studied. The performance of the catalyst was tested based on nature of the catalyst (honeycomb coated or powder form), reaction time (1 to 5 h), molar ratio (1:1 to 1:12 levulinic acid to ethanol) and reusability of the catalytic material. An excellent yield (86-88 %) of ethyl levulinate was obtained under optimized conditions. An attempt is made to correlate the activity of the catalysts in this esterification reaction with their surface characteristics. The honeycomb monoliths coated with zirconia and its modified forms were found to be ecofriendly, cost-effective and reusable catalytic materials compared to their powder forms.

  一系列固体酸催化剂，如ZrO2、Mo(VI)/ZrO2和W(VI)/ZrO2，已经涂覆在蜂窝状单体上，并以粉末形式合成并用作从戊酸和乙醇合成乙基左旋檸檬酸酯的催化材料。这些固体酸通过BET、NH3-TPD/n-丁基胺反滴定、FTIR、PXRD和SEM技术进行表征。研究了各种反应参数对反应性能的影响。催化剂的性能是基于催化剂的性质（蜂窝涂层或粉末形式）、反应时间（1至5小时）、摩尔比（1:1至1:12戊酸与乙醇）和催化材料的可重复使用性进行测试的。在优化条件下获得了优异的乙基左旋檸檬酸酯产率（86-88％）。试图将催化剂在酯化反应中的活性与其表面特性相关联。发现用氧化锆及其改性形式涂覆的蜂窝单体是环保、成本效益高且可重复使用的催化材料，与它们的粉末形式相比。
• COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF TRPM8
  申请人：Senomyx, Inc.

  公开号：US20170096418A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-04-06

  The present disclosure relates to compounds which are useful as cooling sensation compounds.

  本公开涉及作为冷感化合物有用的化合物。

表征谱图