Amphiphilic pyridinium salts block TNFα/NFκB signaling and constitutive hypersecretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells
摘要:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, lethal genetic disease, which is due to mutations in the CFTR gene. The CF lung expresses a profoundly proinflammatory phenotype, due to constitutive hypersecretion of IL-8 from epithelial cells lining the airways. In a systematic search for candidate drugs that might be used therapeutically to suppress IL-8 secretion from these cells, we have identified a potent and efficacious series of amphiphilic pyridinium salts. The most potent of these salts is MRS2481, an (R)-1-phenylpropionic acid ester, with an IC50 of ca. 1 mu M. We have synthesized 21 analogues of MRS2481, which have proven sufficient to develop a preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR). For optimal activity, we have found that the ester must be connected to the pyridinium derivative by an eight-carbon chain. An optical isomer of the lead compound, containing an (S)-1-phenylpropionic acid ester, has been found to be a much less active. The mechanism of action of MRS2481 appears to involve inhibition of signaling of the NF kappa B and AP- I transcription factors to the IL-8 promoter. MRS2481 is a potent inhibitor of TNF alpha-induced phosphorylation and proteosomal destruction Of I kappa B alpha. Inasmuch as I kappa B alpha is the principal inhibitor of the NF kappa B signaling pathway, preservation of intact I kappa B alpha would serve to keep the IL-8 promoter silent. We also find that MRS2481 blocks TNF alpha-activated phosphorylation of JNK, the c-JUN kinase. The IL-8 promoter is also activated by an AP- I site, which requires a phospho-c-JUN/c-FOS dimer for activity. We therefore interpret these data to suggest that the mechanism of MRS2481 action is to inhibit both NF kappa B and AP-1 signaling on the IL-8 promoter. Given the medicinally promising properties of water-solubility, potency in the low mu M concentration range, and high efficacy, we anticipate that MRS2481, or a further optimized derivative, may find an important place in the armamentarium of pharmaceutical strategies yet to be arrayed against the inflammatory phenotype of the CF lung. Published by Elsevier Inc.
An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed straightforward strategy is developed for the synthesis of quinoline braced cyclophane macrocycles via methyl (sp3) C–H functionalization. The method is mild, simple and regioselective with various ring sizes and has good functional group tolerance. The method proceeds via C8-methyl metalation, metal–carbene formation and a subsequent migratory insertion. High dilution
CYCLOPHOSPHAZENE COMPOUND, LUBRICANT COMPRISING SAME, AND MAGNETIC DISK
申请人:MORESCO Corporation
公开号:EP2565198A1
公开(公告)日:2013-03-06
A cyclophosphazene compound of the formula (I), and lubricants and magnetic disks using the compound
wherein n is 2, 3 or 4, m is an integer of 1 to 12, R is C1-4 fluoroalkyl and Rf is -CF2O(CF2CF2O)x(CF2O)yCF2- or -CF2CF2O(CF2CF2CF2O)zCF2CF2- in which x, y and z are each 0 or a positive real number to give a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4000 to a fluoropolyether of the formula HOCH2-Rf-CH2OH including said Rf, the fluoropolyether having a molecular weight distribution (PD) of 1.0 to 1.5.