Correlation analysis of carbonyl carbon 13C NMR chemical shifts, IR absorption frequencies and rate coefficients of nucleophilic acyl substitutions. A novel explanation for the substituent dependence of reactivity
作者:Helmi Neuvonen、Kari Neuvonen
DOI:10.1039/a900189a
日期:——
Rate coefficients of nucleophilic acyl substitutions, carboxylate carbon 13C NMR chemical shift values and ν(CO) frequencies of several series of aryl and acyl substituted aryl acetates or alkyl benzoates have been investigated. An increasing electron-withdrawal by the acyl or aryl substituents results in higher reaction rates, upfield 13C NMR chemical shifts and higher frequencies of the CO stretching. Good correlations are observed for the log kversus δC(CO) plots. The increase of the reaction rate with increased electron density at the CO carbon (as proved by 13C NMR shifts) contradicts the previous concept of increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon by electron-withdrawing substituents. The rate increase is now attributed to the decrease of the ester ground state resonance stabilization caused by electron-withdrawing substituents. The use of log kversus δC(CO) correlations is presented as a practical method to evaluate rate coefficients especially for compounds for which Hammett type correlations cannot be used.
对几种系列芳基和酰基取代芳基乙酸酯或烷基苯甲酸酯的亲核酰基取代率系数、羧酸基碳13C NMR化学位移值和ν(CO)频率进行了研究。酰基或芳基取代基的吸电子性增强会导致反应速率加快、13C NMR化学位移上移以及CO伸展频率增加。在log k与δC(CO)的图谱中观察到良好的相关性。反应速率随着CO碳上的电子密度增加而增加(由13C NMR位移证明),这与之前认为吸电子性取代基会增加羰基碳的亲电性的观点相矛盾。现在,反应速率的增加归因于吸电子性取代基导致的酯基基态共振稳定性的降低。log k与δC(CO)的相关性被作为评估速率系数的实用方法,特别是对于不能使用哈米特类型相关性的化合物。