Structure–property relationship of naphthalene based donor–π–acceptor organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: remarkable improvement of open-circuit photovoltage
作者:Fan Yang、Md. Akhtaruzzaman、Ashraful Islam、Tienan Jin、Ahmed El-Shafei、Chuanjiang Qin、Liyuan Han、Khalid A. Alamry、Samia A. Kosa、Mahmoud A. Hussein、Abdullah Mohamed Asiri、Yoshinori Yamamoto
DOI:10.1039/c2jm34363k
日期:——
Four new donorâÏâacceptor organic dyes (YF01â04), containing naphthalene-substituted amines as an electron donor and cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor, were designed and synthesized, and their photophysical properties and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) performances were characterized. Dyes YF02 and YF04, with 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene frameworks, were superior than their analog dyes YF03 and YF01, having 1,2-disubstituted naphthalene moiety, in incident-photo-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and total solar-to-electric conversion efficiency (η). The DSCs based on YF02, comprised of diphenylamine moiety as the donor, produced the highest η of 5.29% compared to 4.03% of the analog dye YF04, which has pyrrolidine as the donor. Remarkably, a high open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.799â0.807 V was achieved in the cases of YF02â03, which have diphenylamine-donors. To better understand the structureâproperty relationship for DSCs application, molecular modelling was performed on YF01â04 and vertical electronic excitations were calculated using long-range corrected energy functional WB97XD and CAM-B3LYP at the basis set level DGDZVP, which were in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, the equilibrium molecular geometries of dyes YF01â04 were calculated at the density function theory (DFT) level using the hybrid energy functional B3LYP and basis set DGDZVP. The torsion angles (θ) between the naphthalene moiety and diphenylamine donor in YF02 and YF03 were more twisted than that of the pyrrolidine-donor dyes YF01 and YF04, precluding efficient intermolecular ÏâÏ charge transfer, which translated into high Voc. Compared to the reference dye TA-St-CA, which is based on diphenylamine as an electron donor linked to a phenyl ring, YF02 achieved higher Voc, which indicated that naphthalene substituted with diphenylamine is more efficient in retarding charge recombinations.
设计并合成了四种新的供体-π-受体有机
染料(YF01–04),这些
染料以含有
萘取代胺的化合物作为电子供体,以
氰基
丙烯酸作为电子受体,并对其光物理性质及
染料敏化太阳能电池(
DSCs)的性能进行了表征。具有2,6-二取代
萘框架的
染料YF02和YF04在入射光电流转换效率(IPCE)和总太阳能转电效率(η)方面优于其类似
染料YF03和YF01,后者具有1,2-二取代
萘基团。基于YF02的
DSC,其供体为
二苯胺基团,显示出5.29%的最高η,而类似
染料YF04(供体为哌
咯啶)的η为4.03%。在具有
二苯胺供体的YF02和YF03中,惊人地达到了0.799–0.807 V的高开路光电压(Voc)。为了更好地理解
DSC应用中的结构-性质关系,对YF01–04进行了分子建模,并使用长程修正的能量泛函W
B97XD和CAM-B3LYP在DGDZVP基组
水平上计算了垂直电子激发,这与实验结果非常一致。此外,使用混合能量泛函B3LYP和DGDZVP基组在密度泛函理论(DFT)
水平上计算了
染料YF01–04的平衡分子几何结构。YF02和YF03中
萘基与
二苯胺供体之间的扭转角(θ)比YF01和YF04(哌
咯啶供体
染料)的扭转角更大,从而阻碍了高效的分子间π-π电荷转移,导致高Voc。与参考
染料TA-St-CA相比,该
染料以
二苯胺作为电子供体与苯环连接,YF02实现了更高的Voc,这表明用
二苯胺取代的
萘在延缓电荷复合方面更为有效。