Prodrug design for the potent cardiovascular agent Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine (NOHA): Synthetic approaches and physicochemical characterization
作者:Dennis Schade、Jürke Kotthaus、Nikola Klein、Joscha Kotthaus、Bernd Clement
DOI:10.1039/c0ob01117g
日期:——
N
Ï-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA)âthe physiological nitric oxide precursorâis the intermediate of NO synthase (NOS) catalysis. Besides the important fact of releasing NO mainly at the NOS-side of action, NOHA also represents a potent inhibitor of arginases, making it an ideal therapeutic tool to treat cardiovascular diseases that are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Here, we describe an approach to impart NOHA drug-like properties, particularly by wrapping up the chemically and metabolically instable N-hydroxyguanidine moiety with different prodrug groups. We present synthetic routes that deliver several more or less highly substituted NOHA derivatives in excellent yields. Versatile prodrug strategies were realized, including novel concepts of bioactivation. Prodrug candidates were primarily investigated regarding their hydrolytic and oxidative stabilities. Within the scope of this work, we essentially present the first prodrug approaches for an interesting pharmacophoric moiety, i.e., N-hydroxyguanidine.
N-羟基-L-精氨酸(NOHA)——生理性一氧化氮前体——是NO合酶(NOS)催化的中间产物。除了在NOS作用侧主要释放NO这一重要事实外,NOHA还是一种强效的精氨酸酶抑制剂,使其成为治疗与内皮功能障碍相关的心血管疾病的理想治疗工具。在这里,我们描述了一种赋予NOHA药物样特性的途径,特别是通过用不同的前药基团包裹化学和代谢不稳定的N-羟基鸟嘌呤部分。我们展示了几种合成途径,以优良的产率获得几种多或少高度取代的NOHA衍生物。实现了多功能的前药策略,包括生物活化的新概念。前药候选物主要针对其水解和氧化稳定性进行了研究。在本工作范围内,我们基本上展示了针对一个有趣的药效团部分,即N-羟基鸟嘌呤的第一个前药策略。