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超重氢 | 10028-17-8

中文名称
超重氢
中文别名
氚分子;氚发光粉;超重氢;氚分子
英文名称
tritium
英文别名
——
超重氢化学式
CAS
10028-17-8
化学式
H2
mdl
——
分子量
6.0
InChiKey
UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-JMRXTUGHSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -254.54° (20.62 K)
  • 沸点:
    -248.11℃
  • 密度:
    liq: 45.35mol/L [KIR78]
  • 颜色/状态:
    Gas
  • 汽化热:
    1390 J/mol

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0
  • 重原子数:
    0
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
氚水(HTO)在人体内的生物半衰期很短,为7到14天,这既减少了单次摄入事件的总影响,也排除了HTO从环境中长期生物积累的可能性。氚水在人体内的生物半衰期,作为衡量体水周转的指标,随季节而变化。对印度卡纳塔克邦沿海地区职业辐射工作者自由水氚的生物半衰期研究表明,冬季的生物半衰期是夏季的两倍。(维基百科)
Tritiated water (HTO) has a short biological half-life in the human body of 7 to 14 days, which both reduces the total effects of single-incident ingestion and precludes long-term bioaccumulation of HTO from the environment. Biological half life of tritiated water in human body, which is a measure of body water turn over, varies with season. Studies on biological half life of occupational radiation workers for free water tritium in the coastal region of Karnataka, India show that the biological half life in winter season is twice that of the summer season. (Wikipedia)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
氚是氢的同位素,这使得它能容易地与羟基自由基结合,形成氚化水(HTO),并与碳原子结合。由于氚是低能量的贝塔射线发射体,它对外部来说并不危险(它的贝塔粒子无法穿透皮肤),但是当通过吸入、食物或水摄入,或者通过皮肤吸收时,它就成为了辐射危害。贝塔粒子能够在一定程度上穿透活体组织,并改变被击中分子的结构。在大多数情况下,这种改变可以被认为是损伤,可能导致严重的结果,如癌症或死亡。如果被击中的分子是DNA,它可能引起自发性突变。(维基百科)
Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen, which allows it to readily bind to hydroxyl radicals, forming tritiated water (HTO), and to carbon atoms. Since tritium is a low energy beta emitter, it is not dangerous externally (its beta particles are unable to penetrate the skin), but it is a radiation hazard when inhaled, ingested via food or water, or absorbed through the skin. Beta particles are able to penetrate living matter to a certain extent and can change the structure of struck molecules. In most cases, such change can be considered to be damage, with results possibly as severe as cancer or death. If the struck molecule is DNA, it can cause spontaneous mutation. (Wikipedia)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
1, 对人类致癌。
1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
癌症,可能的死亡。
Cancer, possibly death.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
吸入;摄入;皮肤吸收
Inhalation; ingestion; dermal
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 副作用
其他毒物 - 简单窒息剂
Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
吸收、分配和排泄
由于β粒子的能量低且射程短,氚不会造成外部辐射危害;辐射的能量不足以穿透皮肤。然而,氚很容易被人体吸收,存在内部辐射危害。
Because of the low energy and short range of the beta particles, tritium does not pose an external radiation hazard; the radiation is not sufficiently energetic to pass through skin. However, tritium is readily taken into the body, presenting an internal radiation hazard.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
当人们通过吸入暴露于氚化水蒸气时,会通过呼吸系统吸收98-99%的吸入活度。在90分钟内,活度会在全身液体中均匀分布。此外,当暴露于这样的气氛中时,通过全身皮肤面积进入人体的氚大约等于通过肺部进入的量。元素态氚(T2或HT)的吸收要少得多。大约有0.004%的吸入活度被吸收,这显然是在肺部初步氧化后发生的。通过皮肤吸收的元素态氚量可以忽略不计。/氚化水/
When exposed to tritiated water vapor via inhalation, people will absorb 98-99% of the activity inspired through the respiratory system. Uniform distribution throughout body fluids occurs within 90 min. Also, when exposed to such an atmosphere, tritium entering the body through the total skin area will approx equal that entering the lung. Elemental tritium (T2 or HT) is much less readily assimilated. Approx 0.004% of such activity inspired is absorbed, apparently after preliminary oxidation in the lung. Negligible amt of elemental tritium are absorbed through the skin. /Tritiated water/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
氚,以氚水形式,容易从胃肠道被吸收进入血液系统……并像体水分一样分布。/氚水/
Tritium, as tritiated water, is readily absorbed into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract ... and distributes as body water. /Tritiated water/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
如果氚材料均匀地沉积在体内水中,对身体的辐射剂量大约是每毫居里190毫雷姆。
The /radiation/ dose to the body if tritiated material is uniformly deposited in body water is approx 190 mrem/mCi.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    7
  • 危险类别:
    7

上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    超重氢 在 Pt-oxide 作用下, 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂, 生成 tritium oxide
    参考文献:
    名称:
    氢气和羟基之间的交换反应。氚标记水的便捷制备方法1
    摘要:
    已发现氘气与甲醇或铂催化的水之间的交换反应在室温下以方便的速率进行,并且仅限于羟基氢的交换。使用该反应用氚标记水提供了制备氚化水的优良方法。建议扩展氚化醇的制备。(授权)
    DOI:
    10.1021/ja01552a067
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    氢气氢气 以 further solvent(s) 为溶剂, 生成 tritium超重氢
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Influence of Superfluidity on Recombination Reactions of H + T → HT and T + T → T2 in 3He−4He Quantum Media under Saturated Vapor Pressure at 1.6 K
    摘要:
    An influence of superfluidity on chemical reaction has been studied in the recombination reactions of hydrogen (H) and tritium (T) atoms, H + T --> HT and T + T --> T-2, in He-3-He-4 mixture solutions at 1.6 K. The reactive species, H and T atoms, were produced in the mixture through the nuclear reaction, He-3 + n --> p(H) + T. Experimental yield ratio of HT to T-2 was 110 +/- 17 in normal-fluid solution. However, in superfluid solution, the value decreased to 60 with a decrease in atomic fraction of He-3. A two-fluid model was applied to estimate the contribution of superfluidity. The calculated yield of HT to T-2 in the superfluid component became almost a constant value of 56 +/- 14 over the whole range of superfluid solution studied. On the basis of preferential formation of HT over T-2 and a computer simulation of relative rate constants, formation of hydrogen isotope bubbles and their tunneling recombination were proposed.
    DOI:
    10.1021/jp021765r
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    超重氢N,N-二异丙基乙胺 作用下, 以 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂, 生成
    参考文献:
    名称:
    WO2024094731A1
    摘要:
    公开号:
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文献信息

  • Photoredox-catalyzed deuteration and tritiation of pharmaceutical compounds
    作者:Yong Yao Loh、Kazunori Nagao、Andrew J. Hoover、David Hesk、Nelo R. Rivera、Steven L. Colletti、Ian W. Davies、David W. C. MacMillan
    DOI:10.1126/science.aap9674
    日期:2017.12
    of the heavy isotope into a thiol from a convenient heavy water source through acid-base chemistry. Next, a photoredox catalyst strips a hydrogen atom equivalent from the carbon, and the thiol engages in radical chemistry to transfer the deuterium or tritium in its place. Science, this issue p. 1182 A light-promoted atom transfer protocol uses heavy water to isotopically label alkyl sites for drug metabolism
    为药物标记开辟道路 在药物开发过程中研究候选化合物如何被生物吸收和分解非常重要。跟踪药物命运的一种常用技术是用较重的氢同位素(氘或氚)标记其分子框架。洛等人。开发了一种光促进协议,将这些标签安装在与氮相邻的烷基碳上。该技术依赖于通过酸碱化学将重同位素结合到来自方便的重水源的硫醇中。接下来,光氧化还原催化剂从碳中剥离出一个氢原子等价物,硫醇参与自由基化学以将氘或氚转移到其位置。科学,这个问题 p。1182 光促进原子转移协议使用重水同位素标记烷基位点以进行药物代谢研究。氘和氚标记的药物化合物是药物发现研究中的关键诊断工具,可提供有关药物和药物代谢物的生物学归宿的重要信息。在此,我们证明了光氧化还原介导的氢原子转移协议可以使用同位素标记的水(D2O 或 T2O)作为一步有效且选择性地将氘(D)和氚(T)安装在 α-氨基 sp3 碳-氢键上。氢同位素的来源。在这种情况下,我们还报告了从 T2 方便地合成
  • Structural and spectroscopic characterization of iridium trihydride complexes: evidence for proton-proton exchange coupling
    作者:D. Michael Heinekey、John M. Millar、Thomas F. Koetzle、Neil G. Payne、Kurt W. Zilm
    DOI:10.1021/ja00159a001
    日期:1990.1
    dihydrides eta}-Csub 5}Hsub 5}Ir(L)Hsub 2} with HBFsub 4} times} Etsub 2}O affords cationic trihydride complexes of the form ((eta}-Csub 5}Hsub 5})Ir(L)Hsub 3})BFsub 4} (L = various phosphine and phosphite ligands). The sup 1}H NMR spectra of the cations in the hydride region at low temperature display ABsub 2}X spin systems (X = sup 31}P), which are simplified to ABsub 2} spin systems in the
    中性铱二氢化物 eta}-Csub 5}Hsub 5}Ir(L)Hsub 2} 与 HBFsub 4} times} Etsub 2}O 的质子化得到阳离子三氢化物配合物形成 ((eta}-Csub 5}Hsub 5})Ir(L)Hsub 3})BFsub 4}(L = 各种膦和亚磷酸酯配体)。氢化物区阳离子的sup 1}H NMR谱在低温下显示ABsub 2}X自旋系统(X = sup 31}P),其简化为ABsub 2}自旋系统sup 1}H(sup 31}P) 光谱。Jsub AB} 的值通过计算机拟合观察到的光谱得出的值非常大,范围从 61 到 1,565 Hz。通常,Jsub AB} 与配体 L 的碱度成反比。 Jsub AB} 值与温度密切相关,在 150-200 K 的温度范围内迅速增加。由于 A/B 位点交换的开始,耦合常数尚未在高于
  • [EN] PYRAZOLYL DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PYRAZOLYLE UTILES EN TANT QU'AGENTS ANTICANCÉREUX
    申请人:NOVARTIS AG
    公开号:WO2021124222A1
    公开(公告)日:2021-06-24
    The present application provides a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer thereof, or an atropisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of an atropisomer thereof; method for manufacturing said compound, and its therapeutic uses. The present application further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound.
    本申请提供了化合物的公式(I)或其立体异构体,或其对映异构体,或其可接受的药物盐,或其对映异构体的可接受的药物盐,或其对映异构体的可接受的药物盐;制造该化合物的方法及其治疗用途。本申请还提供了药理活性剂的组合以及包含该化合物的药物组合物。
  • Radiolysis of water vapor and a surface-catalyzed isotope-exchange reaction
    作者:Helen W. Richter、R. F. Firestone
    DOI:10.1021/ja00407a033
    日期:1981.8
    produced D atoms. However, the experimental results of the present investigation demonstrate conclusively that when H/sub 2/ is used as a radical scavenger there are two pathways for HD formation: (1) homogeneous scavenging of the radiolytically produced D atoms by H/sub 2/, as expected, and (2) heterogeneous combination of H atoms produced in the scavenging reaction (D + H/sub 2/ ..-->.. HD + H) with
    已经使用氚、过丙烷或这两者的混合物作为自由基清除剂来检查氧化氘蒸气的稳态辐射分解。氚水用作内部辐射源,并使用玻璃辐照容器。D 原子是在 D/sub 2/O 的辐射分解中产生的,而 HD 是通过该物种与添加的自由基清除剂的反应形成的。以前假设 HD 分子的产量可以与辐射分解产生的 D 原子的产量相等。然而,本研究的实验结果最终表明,当 H/sub 2/ 用作自由基清除剂时,HD 形成有两种途径:(1)H/sub 2/ 均匀清除辐射产生的 D 原子,正如预期的那样,(2) 清除反应 (D + H/sub 2/ ..-->.. HD + H) 中产生的 H 原子与吸附在容器表面的 D 原子的异质组合,其中吸附的 D 原子由从体积中吸附的 H 原子与 D/sub 2/O 之间的表面催化同位素交换反应。从这项调查的结果来看,D/sub 2/O 的辐射分解中产生的 D 原子的产量似乎是 G/sub D/
  • Manipulation of radioactive gases in high vacuum apparatus
    作者:E.J. Wilson
    DOI:10.1016/0042-207x(54)90125-6
    日期:1954.7
    provisions made for protection against health hazards. The plant is made entirely of glass, the safe thickness of which can be calculated. Details are given of the vacuum system employed. Special manipulations described in the article cover the production and purification of tritium, tritiated water preparation, the preparation of tritium-zirconium targets, and the purification of krypton-8 5 and xenon-133
    摘要 描述了放射性同位素气体,特别是氚、氪 8 5 和氙 I33 的特性,并给出了对预期放射性的估计。AERE Harwell 中可用于处理这些气体的设备进行了详细描述,并特别参考了为防止健康危害而制定的规定。植物完全由玻璃制成,其安全厚度可以计算。详细介绍了所采用的真空系统。文章中描述的特殊操作包括氚的生产和提纯、氚化水的制备、氚-锆靶的制备以及氪 8 5 和氙 133 的提纯。除了用作研究工具外,这三种核素也越来越多地用于工业。
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