Recognition of Guanine−Guanine Mismatches by the Dimeric Form of 2-Amino-1,8-naphthyridine
摘要:
Dimeric 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridine selectively binds to a G-G mismatch with hi-h affinity (K-d = 53 nM). We have investigated a binding mechanism of naphthyridine dimer 2 to a G-G mismatch by spectroscopic studies, thermodynamic analysis, and structure-activity studies for the thermal stabilization of the mismatch. H-1 NMR spectra of a complex of 2 with 9-mer duplex d(CATCGGATG)(2) containing a G-G mismatch showed that all hydrogens in two naphthyridine rings of 2 were observed upfield compared to those C of 2 in a free state. The 2D-NOESY experiments showed that each naphthyridine of 2 binds to a guanine in the, G-G mismatch within the pi -stack. In CD spectra, a large conformational change of the G-G mismatch-containing duplex was observed upon complex formation with 2. Isothermal calorimetry titration of 2 binding to the G-G mismatch showed that the stoichiometry for the binding is about 1:1 and that the binding is enthalpy-controlled. It is clarified by structure-activity studies that show (i) the linker connecting two naphthyridine rings was essential for the stabilization of the G-G mismatch, (ii) the binding efficiency was very sensitive to the linker structure, and (iii) the binding of two naphthyridines to each one of two Gs in the G-G pi -dsmatch is essential for a strong stabilization. These results strongly supported the intercalation of both naphthyridine rings of 2 into DNA base pairs and the formation of a hydrogen bonded complex with the G-G mismatch.
Recognition of Guanine−Guanine Mismatches by the Dimeric Form of 2-Amino-1,8-naphthyridine
摘要:
Dimeric 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridine selectively binds to a G-G mismatch with hi-h affinity (K-d = 53 nM). We have investigated a binding mechanism of naphthyridine dimer 2 to a G-G mismatch by spectroscopic studies, thermodynamic analysis, and structure-activity studies for the thermal stabilization of the mismatch. H-1 NMR spectra of a complex of 2 with 9-mer duplex d(CATCGGATG)(2) containing a G-G mismatch showed that all hydrogens in two naphthyridine rings of 2 were observed upfield compared to those C of 2 in a free state. The 2D-NOESY experiments showed that each naphthyridine of 2 binds to a guanine in the, G-G mismatch within the pi -stack. In CD spectra, a large conformational change of the G-G mismatch-containing duplex was observed upon complex formation with 2. Isothermal calorimetry titration of 2 binding to the G-G mismatch showed that the stoichiometry for the binding is about 1:1 and that the binding is enthalpy-controlled. It is clarified by structure-activity studies that show (i) the linker connecting two naphthyridine rings was essential for the stabilization of the G-G mismatch, (ii) the binding efficiency was very sensitive to the linker structure, and (iii) the binding of two naphthyridines to each one of two Gs in the G-G pi -dsmatch is essential for a strong stabilization. These results strongly supported the intercalation of both naphthyridine rings of 2 into DNA base pairs and the formation of a hydrogen bonded complex with the G-G mismatch.
The Dimeric Form of 1,3‐Diaminoisoquinoline Derivative Rescued the Mis‐splicing of
<i>Atp2a1</i>
and
<i>Clcn1</i>
Genes in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Mouse Model
CUG repeat RNA in the dystrophia myotonia protein kinase (DMPK) gene causes myotonicdystrophytype1 (DM1) and sequesters RNA processing proteins, such as the splicing factor muscleblind‐like 1 protein (MBNL1). Sequestration of splicing factors results in the mis‐splicing of some pre‐mRNAs. Small molecules that rescue the mis‐splicing in the DM1 cells have drawn attention as potential drugs to treat
CAG repeat DNA and RNA. One derivative, NBzA, modified by incorporating an additional ring to the azaquinolone was found to bind to both d(CAG)9 and r(CAG)9. NBzA binding to d(CAG)9 was similar to NA binding in terms of large changes in the SPR assay and circulardichroism (CD) as well as pairwise binding, as assessed by electron spray ionization time‐of‐flight (ESI‐TOF) massspectrometry. For the binding
the cause of the neurological disorder myotonicdystrophytype1 (DM1). The pathological features of DM1 include the formation of ribonuclear foci containing expanded r(CUG) repeats, which sequester the MBNL1 protein and lead to the misregulation of alternative pre‐mRNA splicing. Small molecules that bind to the r(CUG) repeats and improvealternativesplicing have therapeutic potential in the treatment
A Small Molecule Affecting the Replication of Trinucleotide Repeat d(GAA)<i>n</i>
作者:Hanping He、Masaki Hagihara、Kazuhiko Nakatani
DOI:10.1002/chem.200901088
日期:2009.10.12
methylcarbamoylnaphthyridine dimer (MCND), was synthesized and characterized. Ligand binding to d(GAA)10 was investigated by UV thermal denaturation, circular dichroism spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and cold‐spray‐ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The results indicated that MCND bound to the d(GAA)nrepeat to form a stable hairpin structure with a major binding stoichiometry of 3:1. The most
We have synthesized the first surface plasmon resonance (SPIR) sensor that detects cytosine-cytosine (C-C) mismatches in duplex DNA by immobilizing aminonaphthyridine dinner on the gold surface. The ligand consisting of two 2-aminonaphthyridine chromophores and an alkyl linker connecting them strongly stabilized the C-C mismatches regardless of the flanking sequences. The fully matched duplexes were not stabilized at all under the same conditions. The C-T, C-A, and T-T mismatches were also stabilized with a reduced efficiency. SPR analyses of mismatch-containing 27-mer duplexes were performed with the sensor surface on which the aminonaphthyridine dimer was immobilized. The response for the C-C mismatch in 5'-GCC-3/3'-CCG-5' was about 83 times stronger than that obtained for the fully matched duplex. The sensor successfully detects the C-C mismatch at the concentration of 10 nM. SPR responses are proportional to the concentration of the C-C mismatch in a range up to 200 nM. Aminonaphthyridine dinner could bind strongly to the C-C mismatches having 10 possible flanking sequences with association constants in the order of 10(6) M-1. The facile protonation of 2-aminonaphthyridine chromophore at pH 7 producing the hydrogen-bonding surface complementary to that of cytosine was most likely due to the remarkably high selectivity of 1 to the C-C mismatch.