5-Fluorouracil Derivatives. I. The Synthesis of 1-Carbamoyl-5-fluorouracils
作者:Shoichiro Ozaki、Yoshimasa Ike、Haruo Mizuno、Katsutoshi Ishikawa、Haruki Mori
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.50.2406
日期:1977.9
The toxicity and tumor affinity of 5-fluorouracil (1) have been modified by the introduction of a carbamoyl group. Carbamoylation by three general methods were studied extensively: (i) The reaction of 1 with isocyanate, (ii) the reaction of 1-chloroformyl-5-fluorouracil with amine, and (iii) the reaction of 1 with carbamoyl chloride. These three methods usually give 1 -carbamoyl-5-fluorouracils (2). 3-Carbamoyl-5-fluorouracils were not obtained by any method. The 2 substances take a hydrogen-bonded structure in chloroform, a non hydrogen-bonded structure in DMSO at 80 °C, and mixed structures in DMSO at 25 °C. Thirty-six homologues shown by 2 were prepared all of these compounds showed antitumor activity. Of them, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) appeared to be the most promising antitumor agent when administered orally in that HCFU retains well balanced lipo- and hydro-philicity, is stable in acid in the stomach, and moreover, decomposed moderately in a tumor. Isocyanate was obtained from the reaction of amine with trichloromethyl chloroformate (TCF) by simply heating these two reagents in toluene; this offers a convenient new method for synthesizing isocyanate from amine. Several new isocyanate were obtained from amino acids.
5-氟尿嘧啶(1)的毒性和肿瘤亲和力通过引入氨甲酰基团进行了改性。研究了三种氨甲酰化的一般方法:(i)1与异氰酸酯的反应;(ii)1-氯甲酰-5-氟尿嘧啶与胺的反应;(iii)1与氨甲酰氯的反应。这三种方法通常生成1-氨甲酰-5-氟尿嘧啶(2)。3-氨甲酰-5-氟尿嘧啶未通过任何方法获得。在氯仿中,这两种物质呈现氢键结构,在80°C的DMSO中呈现无氢键结构,在25°C的DMSO中则呈现混合结构。合成了36种2的同系物,所有这些化合物都显示出抗肿瘤活性。其中,1-己氨甲酰-5-氟尿嘧啶(HCFU)在口服时表现出最有前景的抗肿瘤活性,因为HCFU保持良好的脂水亲和性,在胃酸中稳定,而且在肿瘤中适度分解。异氰酸酯是通过将胺与三氯甲基氯酸酯(TCF)简单加热在甲苯中反应获得的;这提供了一种从胺合成异氰酸酯的新便捷方法。从氨基酸中获得了几种新的异氰酸酯。