苦毒浆果[木防已属] | 124-87-8

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 神经系统用药 - 中枢兴奋药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 呋喃吡喃类
• 中文名称: 苦毒浆果[木防已属]
• 中文别名: 印防己毒素；微毒素；苦味毒；衡州乌药灵
• 英文名称: Cocculin
• 英文别名: (1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
• CAS: 124-87-8
• 化学式: C30H34O13
• 分子量: 602.6
• InChiKey: VJKUPQSHOVKBCO-AHMKVGDJSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  203 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  571.75°C (rough estimate)
• 比旋光度：
  D16 -29.3° (c = 4 in abs ethanol)
• 密度：
  1,28 g/cm3
• 溶解度：
  乙醇：50 mg/mL，澄清至轻微混浊
• 物理描述：
  Cocculus appears as a poisonous berry, the dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus L. Contains several substances including about one percent picrotoxin. Pure picrotoxin occurs as shiny leaflets with an intensely bitter taste or as a microcrystalline powder. Very poisonous!. Used in medicine as a central nervous system stimulant and antidote for barbiturate poisoning. Not currently regarded as a useful therapeutic agent.
• 颜色/状态：
  Shiny rhomboid leaflets
• 气味：
  Odorless
• 味道：
  Very bitter
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Stable in air; affected by light
• 旋光度：
  Specific rotation: -29.3 deg @ 16 °C/d (absolute ethanol, c= 4)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.93
• 重原子数：
  43
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  10.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.8
• 拓扑面积：
  191
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  13

ADMET

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

一起罕见的涉及眼睛的中毒病例发生在一个年轻女性身上，她食用了被毒扁豆碱毒杀的鱼。她出现了头痛、寒战、流涎和视力丧失，瞳孔扩大且无反应。观察到两个视网膜都有水肿。...患者康复了...

An unusual case of poisoning with eye involvement occurred in a young woman who ate fish that had been killed by picrotoxin. She developed headache, chills, salivation, and loss of vision, with the pupils dilated and unreactive. Both retinas were observed to be edematous. ... The patient recovered ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

没有出现明显的苦毒素效果，直到给予惊厥剂量。所产生的惊厥是阵挛性的，不协调的，其模式类似于戊四唑产生的……使用大剂量的苦毒素可能会导致出现强直-阵挛性发作，其中强直屈曲先于强直伸展。伴随惊厥运动的是流涎、由于血管运动刺激导致的血压升高，以及经常性的呕吐。

No appreciable effect of picrotoxin is seen until convulsive doses are given. The resultant convulsion is clonic and incoordinated, and the pattern resembles that produced by pentylenetetrazol ... With large doses of picrotoxin a tonic-clonic seizure may occur in which tonic flexion precedes tonic extension. Accompanying the convulsive movements are salivation, elevation of blood pressure due to vasomotor stimulation, and frequently emesis.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

斑蝥毒素是一种高度有毒的物质，20毫克的剂量可能会产生严重中毒的症状。对于人类而言，致命剂量尚不清楚。

Picrotoxin is a highly toxic substance, and a dose of 20 mg may produce symptoms of severe poisoning. The fatal dose for man is unknown.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

在猫和兔子的实验中，根据毒扁豆碱的剂量，显示了视神经神经元和视觉诱发皮层反应的电气活动既有减少也有增强。对青蛙视网膜活动的抑制作用已被证实。

Experiments in cats and rabbits have shown both reduction and enhancement of electrical activity of optic nerve neurons and visual evoked cortical responses, depending on the dosage of picrotoxin. Inhibitory effect on frog retina activity has been shown.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

<Picrotoxin对鱼类的毒性极强。>

/Picrotoxin is/ highly toxic to fish.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

尽管毒扁豆碱可以通过所有途径被吸收，但即使是通过静脉给药，其对中枢神经系统的影响也需要几分钟才能完全显现出来。其作用持续时间相对较短。

Although picrotoxin is absorbed by all routes, the full effect on the central nervous system is not seen for several minutes, even when the drug is admin intravenously. Its duration action is relatively brief.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 危险品标志：
  T+,T,N
• 安全说明：
  S28,S36/37/39,S45,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R52/53,R28
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  29322985
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3462 6.1/PG 2

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物品

• 毒性分级：剧毒
• 急性毒性：
  • 腹注-大鼠 LD50: 1.99 毫克/公斤
  • 口服-小鼠 LD50: 15 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：不易燃

储运特性：库房通风、低温干燥；与食品分开储运

灭火剂：水、泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土

文献信息

• [EN] TRIPARTITE MODULATORS OF ENDOSOMAL G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS<br/>[FR] MODULATEURS TRIPARTITES DE RÉCEPTEURS COUPLÉS AUX PROTÉINES G DES ENDOSOMES
  申请人：TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS CO

  公开号：WO2017112792A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-06-29

  The present invention relates to tripartite compounds comprising a modulator moiety for endosomal G protein-coupled receptors like neurokinin-1 receptor, a linker and a lipid anchor suitable for anchoring the tripartite compound into a plasma membrane. The present invention also relates to a prodrug and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the tripartite compound and the use of the tripartite compound for the treatment of a disease or disorder mediated by endosomal G protein-coupled receptors signalling like NK1R signalling.

  本发明涉及三部分化合物，包括用于内体高尔基蛋白偶联受体（如神经激肽-1受体）的调节子基团，一个连接物和一个适合将三部分化合物锚定到细胞膜的脂质锚。本发明还涉及一种前药和含有三部分化合物的药物组合物，以及利用三部分化合物治疗由内体高尔基蛋白偶联受体信号传导介导的疾病或紊乱的用途。
• [EN] NEUROACTIVE STEROIDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] STÉROÏDES NEUROACTIFS, COMPOSITIONS ET UTILISATIONS
  申请人：SAGE THERAPEUTICS INC

  公开号：WO2015027227A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-02-26

  Described herein are neuroactive steroids of the Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein -------, R1, R2, R5, A and L are as defined herein. Such compounds are envisioned, in certain embodiments, to behave as GABA modulators. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and methods of use and treatment, e.g., such for inducing sedation and/or anesthesia.

  本文描述了化学式（I）中的神经活性类固醇或其药用可接受盐；其中-------，R1，R2，R5，A和L如本文所定义。在某些实施例中，预期这些化合物将表现为GABA调节剂。本发明还提供了包括本发明化合物的药物组合物以及使用和治疗方法，例如用于诱导镇静和/或麻醉的方法。
• THERAPEUTIC 5,6,5-TRICYCLIC ANALOGS
  申请人：Gupta Varsha

  公开号：US20120095016A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-04-19

  The invention provides a novel chemical series of formula I, as well as methods of use thereof for binding to the benzodiazepine site of the GABA A receptor and negatively modulating the α5 subtype of GABA A , and use of the compound of formula I in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of GABA A receptor associated disorders. The invention further provides a method of modulation of one or more GABA A subtypes in an animal comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).

  这项发明提供了一种新颖的化学系列，其化学式为I，以及利用该化合物结合到GABA A 受体的苯二氮卓位点并负性调节GABA A 的α5亚型的方法，以及利用化合物I的制备药物治疗GABA A 受体相关疾病的方法。该发明还提供了一种在动物体内调节一个或多个GABA A 亚型的方法，包括向动物体内施用化合物I的有效量。
• Novel 1-Heteroaryl-3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]Hexanes Methods For Their Preparation And Their Use As Medicaments
  申请人：NEUROVANCE, Inc.

  公开号：US20140303207A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-10-09

  The invention provides novel 1-heteroaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, and related processes and intermediates for preparing these compounds, as well as compositions and methods employing these compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including but not limited to depression and anxiety.

  本发明提供了新型的1-杂芳基-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷化合物，以及用于制备这些化合物的相关过程和中间体，还包括使用这些化合物的组合物和方法，用于治疗和/或预防中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病，包括但不限于抑郁症和焦虑症。
• [EN] BENZIMIDAZOLE INHIBITORS OF THE SODIUM CHANNEL<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE TYPE BENZIMIDAZOLE DU CANAL SODIQUE
  申请人：ZALICUS PHARMACEUTICALS LTD

  公开号：WO2012116440A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-09-07

  The invention relates to compounds useful in treating conditions associated with voltage-gated ion channel function, particularly conditions associated with sodium channel activity. More specifically, the invention concerns compounds (e.g., compounds according to any of Formulas (I)-(XIII) or Compounds (1)-(236) of Table 1) that are useful in treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions. Formula (I)

  本发明涉及用于治疗与电压门控离子通道功能相关的疾病的化合物，特别是与钠通道活性相关的疾病。更具体地说，本发明关注的是一类化合物（例如，符合任何一种公式（I）-（XIII）或表1中的化合物（1）-（236）），这些化合物可用于治疗多种疾病和状况。公式（I）