申请人:501 Chemco Inc.
公开号:US05162394A1
公开(公告)日:1992-11-10
A fire-retardant composition for rendering a combustible hydrophilic substrate resistant to combustion and flaming is disclosed. Also disclosed are processes employing said composition for rendering a hydrophilic substrate resistant to combustion, as well as structural material made fire-resistant by such a process. The composition is a thermoset formed by combining two resins, which can be either made and stored separately for long periods until use or stored as a partially polymerized liquid mixture. The resins are water soluble and heat-curable to form the thermoset. The first resin comprises polyols derived preferably from a carbohydrate such as maltodextrin having substituent groups occupying a portion of the available hydroxyls derived from monoammonium phosphate, urea, phosphoric acid, and glyoxal. The second resin can be a methylol-melamine-formaldehyde, methylol-urea-formaldehyde, or methylol-phenol-formaldehyde formulation. When cured on a hydrophilic substrate, the fire-retardant composition becomes crosslinked and covalently bonded to molecules of the substrate. Also, P- and N-containing consituents critical for fire retardancy are covalently bound in the thermoset, rendering these constituents non-leachable. As a result, fire-retardancy is maintained throughout the useful life of the substrate, even when exposed to the weather.
本发明揭示了一种阻燃组合物,用于使易燃性亲水性基材抵抗燃烧和火焰。还揭示了采用该组合物使亲水性基材抵抗燃烧的工艺,以及通过这种工艺制成的防火结构材料。该组合物是通过组合两种树脂形成的热固性材料,这两种树脂可以分别制备并长时间储存,直到使用,也可以作为部分聚合液体混合物储存。这两种树脂都是水溶性的,加热固化后形成热固性材料。第一种树脂包括聚醇,最好是从碳水化合物(如麦芽糊精)中衍生出的,具有占据单铵磷酸盐、脲、磷酸和丙二醛衍生羟基的取代基。第二种树脂可以是甲醛-三聚氰胺、甲醛-脲-甲醛或甲醛-苯酚体系。当在亲水性基材上固化时,防火组合物变得交联并共价结合到基材的分子上。此外,对于防火的关键P和N含量,它们被共价结合在热固性材料中,使这些成分不可溶解。因此,即使在暴露于天气条件下,防火性能也能在基材的使用寿命内得以维持。