Tetrahalogenoaurate anions have been successfully removed from water using betaine derivative cationic ionic liquids, by precipitation using hydrophilic ionic liquids or by liquid–liquid extraction with hydrophobic ionic liquids.
Structural effect of synthetic zwitterionic cosolutes on the stability of DNA duplexes
作者:Kazuya Koumoto、Hirofumi Ochiai、Naoki Sugimoto
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.060
日期:2008.1
The molecular design of useful cosolutes for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is one of the most important techniques in molecular biology, plays a significant role in amplification of highly stable genome sequences because during PCR, strand dissociation sometimes fails due to high melting temperature. Here, we designed and synthesized eight new zwitterionic cosolutes derived from glycine betaine, a destabilizing reagent for GC-rich DNA duplexes, and systematically compared their ability to destabilize DNA duplexes and to amplify genome DNA by PCR. We found that introduction of n-butyl groups rather than methyl groups into the ammonium group reduced the melting temperature of DNA duplexes 11-fold more than what was observed for the scaffold cosolute, glycine betaine, and furthermore, the cosolute can amplify the stable genome sequence by PCR. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Syntheses and characterisation of hydrophobic ionic liquids containing trialkyl(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)ammonium or N-(1-methylpyrrolidyl-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)ammonium cations
A series of salts based on ethyl ester betaine derivatives [trialkyl(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)ammonium or N-(1-methylpyrrolidyl-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)ammonium cations] with alkyl chains [ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl] have been synthesized. These cations generate hydrophobic ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate or dicyanamide anions. The influence of the alkyl chain length and the chemical nature of the counteranion on physicochemical properties such as density, melting point, glass transition and decomposition temperatures, viscosity, and electrochemical window have been investigated. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.