Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Brain-Targeted Thiamine Disulfide Prodrugs of Ampakine Compound LCX001
作者:Dian Xiao、Fan-Hua Meng、Wei Dai、Zheng Yong、Jin-Qiu Liu、Xin-Bo Zhou、Song Li
DOI:10.3390/molecules21040488
日期:——
Ampakine compounds have been shown to reverse opiate-induced respiratory depression by activation of amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors. However, their pharmacological exploitations are hindered by low blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and limited brain distribution. Here, we explored whether thiamine disulfide prodrugs with the ability of “lock-in” can be used to solve these problems. A series of thiamine disulfide prodrugs 7a–7f of ampakine compound LCX001 was synthesized and evaluated. The trials in vitro showed that prodrugs 7e, 7d, 7f possessed a certain stability in plasma and quickly decomposed in brain homogenate by the disulfide reductase. In vivo, prodrug 7e decreased the peripheral distribution of LCX001 and significantly increased brain distribution of LCX001 after i.v. administration. This compound showed 2.23- and 3.29-fold greater increases in the AUC0-t and MRT0-t of LCX001 in brain, respectively, than did LCX001 itself. A preliminary pharmacodynamic study indicated that the required molar dose of prodrug 7e was only one eighth that of LCX001 required to achieve the same effect in mice. These findings provide an important reference to evaluate the clinical outlook of ampakine compounds.
Ampakine化合物已被证明能够通过激活氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑丙酸(AMPA)谷氨酸受体来逆转阿片引起的呼吸抑制。然而,它们的药理应用受到低血脑屏障(BBB)通透性和有限脑内分布的阻碍。在此,我们探讨具有“锁定”能力的硫胺素二硫化物前药是否可以用来解决这些问题。我们合成并评估了一系列的硫胺素二硫化物前药7a–7f,该前药基于ampakine化合物LCX001。体外试验表明,前药7e、7d、7f在血浆中具有一定稳定性,并在脑匀浆中快速被二硫化还原酶分解。在体内实验中,前药7e降低了LCX001的外周分布,并显著增加了LCX001在静脉给药后的脑内分布。与LCX001自身相比,该化合物在大脑中LCX001的AUC0-t和MRT0-t分别增加了2.23倍和3.29倍。初步的药效学研究表明,为实现同样效果,前药7e所需的摩尔剂量仅为LCX001的八分之一。这些发现为评估ampakine化合物的临床前景提供了重要参考。