The synthesis of silafluorene derivativesfrom aminobiphenyl compounds and dihydrosilanes via a double sila-Friedel–Crafts reaction using a borane catalyst has been achieved. This method is applicable to the synthesis of a variety of silafluorene derivatives, such as multisubstituted silafluorenes, spirosilabifluorenes, and silicon-bridged terphenyl compounds, which are not readily obtained using conventional
In one embodiment, the application discloses ligands, such as a ligand from a dihydrobenzo[1,3] oxaphosphole scaffold, and palladium complexes comprising the ligands and methods for performing cross coupling reactions and asymmetric cross coupling reactions with high selectivity and efficiency.