作者:Ivana Cacciatore、Lisa Marinelli、Erika Fornasari、Laura Cerasa、Piera Eusepi、Hasan Türkez、Cristina Pomilio、Marcella Reale、Chiara D’Angelo、Erica Costantini、Antonio Di Stefano
DOI:10.3390/ijms17071035
日期:——
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been suggested for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prolonged use of NSAIDs, however, produces gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. To overcome this serious limitation, the aim of this study was to develop novel NSAID-derived drug conjugates (Anti-inflammatory-Lipoyl derivatives, AL4–9) that preserve the beneficial effects of NSAIDS without causing GI problems. As such, we conjugated selected well-known NSAIDs, such as (S)-naproxen and (R)-flurbiprofen, with (R)-α-lipoic acid (LA) through alkylene diamine linkers. The selection of the antioxidant LA was based on the proposed role of oxidative stress in the development and/or progression of AD. Our exploratory studies revealed that AL7 containing the diaminoethylene linker between (R)-flurbiprofen and LA had the most favorable chemical and in vitro enzymatic stability profiles among the synthesized compounds. Upon pretreatment, this compound exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in phorbol 12-miristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated U937 cells (lymphoblast lung from human) and Aβ(25–35)-treated THP-1 cells (leukemic monocytes). Furthermore, AL7 also modulated the expression of COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α in these cell lines, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. Taken together, AL7 has emerged as a potential lead worthy of further characterization and testing in suitable in vivo models of AD.
非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)被提议用于潜在治疗神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病(AD)。然而,长期使用NSAIDs会产生胃肠道(GI)毒性。为了克服这一严重限制,本研究的目的是开发新型NSAID衍生药物结合物(抗炎脂酰衍生物,AL4–9),以保持NSAID的有益效果而不导致GI问题。因此,我们通过烷基二胺连接子将一些知名的NSAIDs,如(S)-萘普生和(R)-氟比洛芬,与(R)-α-硫辛酸(LA)结合。选择抗氧化剂LA是基于氧化应激在AD的发展和/或进展中的提议角色。我们的探索性研究显示,AL7在(R)-氟比洛芬和LA之间含有二氨基乙烯连接子的化合物,在合成的化合物中具有最有利的化学和体外酶稳定性特征。在预处理后,该化合物在棕榈酸12-肉豆蔻酸13酯(PMA)刺激的U937细胞(来源于人类淋巴母细胞肺)和Aβ(25-35)处理的THP-1细胞(白血病单核细胞)中表现出优异的抗氧化活性。此外,AL7还调节了这些细胞系中COX-2、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达,暗示了抗炎活性。综上所述,AL7已成为一个值得进一步表征和在合适的AD体内模型中测试的潜在领先药物。