Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Nanoparticle-Supported Phosphotungstic Acid as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Kabachnik-Fields Reaction of Isatins, Imines, and Aldehydes under Solvent-Free Conditions
作者:Mohd Nazish、S. Saravanan、Noor-ul H. Khan、Prathibha Kumari、Rukhsana I. Kureshy、Sayed H. R. Abdi、Hari C. Bajaj
DOI:10.1002/cplu.201402191
日期:2014.9.22
reaction of isatins, imines, and aldehydes using dimethyl and diethylphosphite as a nucleophile to give the corresponding α‐hydroxy and α‐amino phosphonates in excellent yields for a wide range of substrates. The reaction conditions were simple, green, and efficient. The catalyst was recycled up to five times with retention of its activity. Based on the NMR spectroscopy studies, a probable catalytic cycle
A highly efficient magnetically recoverable nano-catalyst was fabricated. The material synthesized has been fully characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray powder diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm method. An investigation of its catalytic activity showed it to be a unique heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of alpha-hydroxy and alpha-aminophosphonates, giving a total turnover number >= 450 for five consecutive runs. The catalyst is superparamagnetic having a 'magnetization (left behind after an external magnetic field is removed)' to 'magnetic saturation' ratio of about 0.0008, and thus could be easily separated by the use of an external magnetic field and was not agglomerated by exposure to magnetic fields. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.