Substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid arylamide analogues capable of modulating receptor activity, are provided. Such ligands may be used to modulate receptor activity in vivo or in vitro, and are particularly useful in the treatment of pain and other conditions associated with receptor activation in humans, domesticated companion animals and livestock animals. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating such disorders are provided, as are methods for using such ligands for receptor localization studies.
The present invention discloses a compound of formula:
where Ar
1
, Ar
2
, X, Z
1
, Z
2
, R
3
, and m are as disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (a “Pyridylene Compound”); compositions comprising an effective amount of a Pyridylene Compound; and methods for treating or preventing pain or other conditions in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a Pyridylene Compound.