Based on the discovery that the melting point and solubility of onium salts are affected by the asymmetry of the substitution on cation, and that the branched substituents effectively shield onium cations from electrochemical reduction, new onium salts are synthesized and high performance electrolytes based on these salts for electrochemical capacitor are provided. The composition of the new electrolyte comprises an onium salt or mixture of such onium salts dissolved in aprotic, non-aqueous solvents or mixture of such solvents. The electrolyte is able to perform at high rate of charge/discharge, at low ambient temperatures, and within wide operating voltage, due to the high solubility, low melting temperature, and the improved reduction stability of the new onium cations, respectively.
由于发现鎓盐的熔点和溶解度受阳离子上取代基的不对称性的影响,而且支化取代基能有效保护鎓阳离子不被电
化学还原,因此合成了新的鎓盐,并提供了基于这些鎓盐的用于电
化学电容器的高性能电解质。新电解质的成分包括溶解在非沸腾、非
水溶剂或此类溶剂混合物中的鎓盐或此类鎓盐的混合物。由于新鎓阳离子具有高溶解度、低熔化温度和更好的还原稳定性,该电解液能够在高充放电率、低环境温度和宽工作电压下工作。