Nitroxides having an alpha-carbon atom with a destabilizing moiety are effective control agents for emulsion and water-based polymerizations, including the formation of block copolymers from a wide range of monomers. The nitroxide radicals may be used as a free radical or as an adduct with a residue from the initiator. The emulsions have living characteristics, including the re-initiation of polymer chains. Also, a seeded process for emulsions, which includes the step-wise addition of monomer is disclosed, providing access to a wide range of initiator types.
具有不稳定基团的α-碳原子的亚硝基自由基是乳液和
水基聚合物的有效控制剂,包括从各种单体形成嵌段共聚物。亚硝基自由基可以作为自由基或与
引发剂残基结合物一起使用。乳液具有活性特征,包括聚合物链的重新起始。此外,还公开了一种种子法乳液过程,其中包括逐步添加单体的步骤,从而提供了对各种
引发剂类型的访问。