Remote Binding Energy in Antibody Catalysis: Studies of a Catalytically Unoptimized Specificity Pocket
摘要:
Binding interactions remote from the hydrolytic reaction center have been probed with substrate and phosphonate transition state analogues to understand how these types of interactions are used to promote catalysis in the 17E8 system, We find that the hapten-generated recogniton pocket in 17E8 has properties that are analogous to those of specificity pockets in enzymes, pie have also found that there are specific requirements to form catalytically productive interactions between the side chain and the recognition pocket including conformation, size, and geometry. An additional requirement includes Favorable simultaneous interactions between the side chain and binding packet along with favorable interactions with the oxyanion hole. The 17E8 side chain recognition pocket seems to be less catalytically efficient than analogous pockets in enzymatic systems. The apparent binding energy gained from the methylene-packet interactions in the 17E8 system is significantly smaller than those observed in natural enzymes. Furthermore, 17E8 does not use specific interactions in the recognition pocket to significantly affect catalytic turnover (k(cat)) which is thought to be a trait of an unoptimized catalyst. Analysis of the crystal structure of the 17E8,hapten complex has allowed for the identification of differences between the active sites of 17E8; and several proteases, The identified differences give insight to the sources of the inefficient use of binding energy.
[EN] BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC ARYLOMYCIN ANALOGS<br/>[FR] ANALOGUES DE L'ARYLOMYCINE À SPECTRE ANTIBIOTIQUE LARGE
申请人:SCRIPPS RESEARCH INST
公开号:WO2013138187A1
公开(公告)日:2013-09-19
Arylomycin analogs are provided, wherein the analogs can have broad spectrum bioactivity. Resistance to the antibiotic bioactivity of natural product arylomycin in a range of pathogenic bacterial species has been found to depend upon single amino acid mutations at defined positions of bacterial Signal Peptidases (SPases), wherein the presence of a proline residue confers arylomycin resistance. Arylomycin analogs are provided herein that can overcome that resistance and provide for a broader spectrum of antibiotic bioactivity than can natural product arylomycins such as arylomycin A2. Methods for determining if a bacterial strain is susceptible to narrow spectrum arylomycin antibiotics, or if a broad spectum analog is required for treatment, is provided. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment of bacterial infections, and methods of synthesis of arylomycin analogs, are provided.
Novel 7-azido-3-cephem compounds are prepared via .alpha.-amino-phosphonoacetate esters. The cephem compounds are intermediates for the preparation of novel and known useful antibiotic cephalosporins.
In order to search for new anti-tumor and anti-viral agents, a series of α-aminophosphonate conjugates of 3-O-β-acetyl ursolic acid were prepared. Their biological activities as cytotoxic and anti-HIVagents were evaluated. The preliminary bioassays indicate that synthesized compounds 7a–j have anti-HIV activity (targeting HIV-1 gp120 and CD4) and no cytotoxicity on HT-29 cells (human colon adenocarcinoma
N-Phosphonomethylglycinonitrile and certain derivatives thereof
申请人:Monsanto Company
公开号:US04221583A1
公开(公告)日:1980-09-09
N-phosphonomethylglycinonitrile and certain derivatives thereof are novel compounds which can be used as herbicides themselves and/or can be converted to known herbicides. Such novel compounds, and others, can be prepared by a novel process.
for the synthesis of α-isocyanatoalkylphosphonates enjoys a number of advantages: the reaction is carried out under mild condition in good yield, triphosgene is relatively safe to handle because of its low vapor pressure and high stability, and the experimental procedure is simple. This method can be applicable to the synthesis of other α-isocyanatoalkyl-phosphonates and urylenediphosphonates. The structures