毒理性
识别和使用：EBAAP是一种无色至微黄色的液体。它是一种用于人体皮肤和衣服的驱虫剂，可以驱赶蚊子、苍蝇和蜱虫。它至少能提供8小时对白纹伊蚊的高效保护，至少5小时对雪背库蚊、三带喙库蚊、致倦库蚊、环蚊、常型曼蚊、环纹曼蚊、环带曼蚊、微小按蚊和斑点按蚊的保护。这清楚地证明了它作为一种局部治疗，对抗属于多个属的多种蚊子的潜力。人类暴露和毒性：在30名志愿者身上进行了使用15%活性成分的闭合型皮肤刺激性测试。没有观察到皮肤反应。在10名志愿者身上进行了使用15%活性成分的重复暴露测试，每周两次，持续3周（诱导期）；12天休息；然后进行第7次应用（挑战）。没有观察到毒性或过敏反应。动物研究：10%的乙醇溶液应用于10只豚鼠剃光的颈背部区域。在紫外线暴露和未暴露的部位都没有观察到红斑或水肿。未稀释的EBAAP应用于剃光的大鼠背部皮肤（6小时暴露；恢复期14天），最高剂量达到10 mL/kg体重，没有观察到系统性反应；所有剂量水平都出现了红斑。杂种狗通过灌胃给予未稀释的EBAAP，剂量为1、2、4和8 g/kg体重。所有动物存活；2 g/kg体重或更高的剂量在30-60分钟后引起呕吐，随后在20-30分钟后引起流涎。EBAAP通过灌胃口服给予母兔，剂量为999 mg/kg/天。治疗8天后，治疗组的2只动物血压低于对照组的2只动物。治疗影响了各种血清化学参数。对治疗动物的组织病理学评估揭示了胃粘膜和肠道的出血和糜烂，肝细胞的空泡变性，肾脏鲍曼空间的蛋白沉积。还注意到一只兔子的骨髓萎缩。人工授精的母兔在妊娠第7天至第19天通过灌胃口服给予0、100、300或600 mg/kg/天的EBAAP。没有观察到对母兔的治疗相关影响。同样，对胎儿发育也没有观察到治疗相关影响。将S. typhimurium菌株TA 98、TA 100、TA 102、TA 1535和TA 1537以及E. coli WP2 uvrA在37°C下用EBAAP处理48小时，浓度从5到5000 ug/盘，有和没有代谢激活。没有观察到逆突变发生率的增加。生态毒性研究：没有发现EBAAP干扰鱼类和水蚤的化学通讯的证据。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: EBAAP is a colorless to slightly yellowish liquid. It is an insect repellent for application to human skin and clothing to repel mosquitoes, flies and ticks. It provides high level of protection for at least 8 hr against Ae. albopictus and for at least 5 hr against C. gelidus, C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. quinquefasciatus, Mansonia dives, M. uniformis, M. annulata, M. annulifera, Anopheles minimus, and An. maculatus. This clearly documents the potential for its use as a topical treatment against a wide range of mosquito species belonging to several genera. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Closed epicutaneous irritation test using 15% a.i. was performed in 30 human volunteers. No skin reactions were observed. Repetitive exposure test using 15% a.i. was performed in 10 human volunteers 3 wk at twice/wk (induction phase); 12 d break; then 7th application (challenge). No toxic or allergic reactions were observed. ANIMAL STUDIES: 10% solution in ethanol was applied to shaven nuchal area of 10 guinea pigs. No erythema or edema observed at UV-exposed and unexposed sites. Undiluted EBAAP was applied to shaven dorsal skin (6 hr exposure; recovery period 14 d) of rats. Up to 10 mL/kg bw no systemic reactions observed; erythemas at all dose levels. Mongrel dogs were given undiluted EBAAP by gavage at 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/kg bw. All animals survived; doses of 2 g/kg bw or more induced vomiting after 30-60 minutes followed by salivation after 20-30 minutes. EBAAP was administered orally by gavage at a dose of 999 mg/kg/day to female rabbits. Blood pressure was lower for the 2 treated animals than for the 2 control animals (determined after 8 days of treatment). Various serum chemistry parameters were affected by the treatment. Histopathological evaluation of the treated animals revealed hemorrhages and erosions in the gastric mucosa and intestinal tract, vacuolar degeneration of parenchymal cells and hemosiderosis in the liver, deposition of protein in the Bowman's space of the kidney. Atrophy of the bone marrow was also noted for one rabbit. Artificially inseminated female rabbits were treated orally by gavage with 0 100, 300, or 600 mg/kg/day of EBAAP from day 7 through day 19 of gestation. No treatment-related effects on the does were evident. Likewise, no treatment-related effects were noted on development of the fetuses. S. typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535, and TA 1537 and E. coli WP2 uvrA were treated for 48 hours at 37 °C with EBAAP at concentrations ranging from 5 to 5000 ug/plate with and without metabolic activation. There was no treatment-related increase in the incidence of reverse mutation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: No evidences for disruption of the chemical communication of fish and Daphnia by EBAAP were found.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
