Methods and protected amino acids useful as building blocks (protected monomers) for the synthesis of peptides and proteins that are selectively modified at one or more side-chain hydroxyl groups. Azide-bearing protecting groups allow the selective deprotection of side-chain hydroxyl groups of amino acids after synthesis of a peptide. Reaction conditions for removal of the azide-bearing protecting group can be selected which are substantially orthogonal to those that will remove &agr;-amino protecting groups typically employed in peptide synthesis, such that hydroxyl groups protected with the azide-bearing protecting group remain protected during synthesis of the peptide chain. Various protecting groups which are readily available can be used for protecting potentially reactive side chain groups of amino acids in the peptide or protein to be modified. Preferred side-chain protecting groups are chemically distinguishable from the azide-bearing protecting group and substantially orthogonal reaction conditions can be selected such that side-chain protection of other amino acids is maintained when the azide-bearing protecting group is removed. The use of the azide-bearing protecting group of this invention for one or more hydroxy amino acids during peptide synthesis allows the selective unmasking of those azide-protected side-chain hydroxyl groups and selective modification of the hydroxyl groups that are selectively unmasked. The methods and materials herein are particularly used in synthesis of sulfated, phosphorylated and glycosylated peptides and proteins. Kits and methods of synthesizing a modified peptide or protein using the kits are also provided.
用作
多肽和蛋白质合成的构建块(受保护的单体)的方法和受保护的
氨基酸,在其中选择性地修改一个或多个侧链羟基基团。带有
叠氮基保护基团的保护基团允许在合成肽之后选择性去保护
氨基酸的侧链羟基基团。可以选择去除带有
叠氮基保护基团的反应条件,这些条件与通常用于肽合成中去除α-
氨基保护基团的条件基本不同,使得在合成肽链期间带有
叠氮基保护基团的羟基基团保持受保护状态。可以使用各种易得的保护基团来保护可能具有反应性的
氨基酸侧链基团,以便修改肽或蛋白质。首选的侧链保护基团在
化学上可与带有
叠氮基保护基团区分开,并且可以选择基本不同的反应条件,以便在去除
叠氮基保护基团时保持其他
氨基酸的侧链保护。本发明中使用
叠氮基保护基团在肽合成过程中用于一个或多个羟基
氨基酸,允许选择性地揭示那些
叠氮保护的侧链羟基基团,并选择性地修改那些被选择性揭示的羟基基团。这里的方法和材料特别用于合成磺化、
磷酸化和糖基化的肽和蛋白质。还提供了使用这些试剂盒合成修改肽或蛋白质的试剂盒和方法。