Conformation of the Galactose Ring Adopted in Solution and in Crystalline Form as Determined by Experimental and DFT <sup>1</sup>H NMR and Single-Crystal X-ray Analysis
                                
                                    
                                        作者:Mattias U. Roslund、Karel D. Klika、Reko L. Lehtilä、Petri Tähtinen、Reijo Sillanpää、Reko Leino                                    
                                    
                                        DOI:10.1021/jo035400u
                                    
                                    
                                        日期:2004.1.1
                                    
                                    The solution-state conformations of various galactose derivatives were determined by comparison of the experimental H-1-H-1 vicinal coupling constants to those calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The agreement between the experimental and calculated vicinal coupling constants for 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene- alpha-D-galactopyranose was good, thereby confirming an S-0(2) skew conformation for it and its derivatives on the basis of their similar observed couplings. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-6-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-N-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranoyl)-alpha-D-galacto-pyranose and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranose provided S-0(2) and C-4(1), conformations, respectively, for the galactose ring in the solid state. The solid-state structures proved to be suitable starting structures for further DFT structure refinement or for immediate calculation of the coupling constants.