(±)-N-Boc-2-amino-2-isobutylacetonitrile

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: (±)-N-Boc-2-amino-2-isobutylacetonitrile
• 英文别名: N-Boc-2-amino-4-methyl-valeronitrile；tert-Butyl (1-cyano-3-methylbutyl)carbamate；tert-butyl N-(1-cyano-3-methylbutyl)carbamate
• 化学式: C₁₁H₂₀N₂O₂
• 分子量: 212.292
• InChiKey: ZTELWEIFTFYNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.4
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.82
• 拓扑面积：
  62.1
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  BOC-L-亮氨酸 、 4-(甲基磺酰基)苄胺盐酸盐 在 riboflavin-2',3',4',5'-tetra-acetate 作用下， 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 12.0h， 以50%的产率得到(±)-N-Boc-2-amino-2-isobutylacetonitrile
  参考文献：
  名称：

  可见光黄素光催化脂肪族羧酸的脱羧氰化反应

  摘要：

  公开了在室温下用于脂族羧酸的脱羧氰化的操作简单的方法。核黄素四乙酸酯是一种廉价的有机光催化剂，可在可见光激活时促进羧酸的氧化。脱羧后，在氧化还原中性过程中，生成的自由基被TsCN捕获，得到所需的腈，而无需任何其他添加剂。重要的是，该协议可以适应流量条件。

  DOI：

  10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00064

文献信息

• Room temperature decarboxylative cyanation of carboxylic acids using photoredox catalysis and cyanobenziodoxolones: a divergent mechanism compared to alkynylation
  作者：Franck Le Vaillant、Matthew D. Wodrich、Jérôme Waser

  DOI：10.1039/c6sc04907a

  日期：——

  The one-step conversion of aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding nitriles has been accomplished via the merger of visible light mediated photoredox and cyanobenziodoxolones (CBX) reagents. The reaction proceeded in high yields with natural and non-natural α-amino and α-oxy acids, affording a broad scope of nitriles with excellent tolerance of the substituents in the α position. The direct

  通过合并可见光介导的光氧化还原和氰基苯并酮（CBX）试剂，实现了脂肪族羧酸一步转化为相应的腈。天然和非天然 α-氨基酸和 α-含氧酸的反应以高产率进行，提供了广泛的腈类，并且对 α 位取代基具有优异的耐受性。还实现了二肽和药物前体的直接氰化。通过计算和实验研究了脱羧氰化的机理，并与之前开发的炔基化反应进行了比较。发现炔基化有利于直接自由基加成，而 CBX 进一步氧化成碳阳离子和氰化物加成似乎更有利于氰化。与通常假设的加成消除过程相反，提出了自由基与 EBX 试剂反应的协调机制。
• Dipeptide nitriles
  申请人：Missbach Martin

  公开号：US20060235220A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-10-19

  N-terminal substituted dipeptide nitriles as defined are useful as inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins, e.g. cathepsins B, K, L and S, and can be used for the treatment of cysteine cathepsin dependent diseases and conditions, including inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, tumors (especially tumor invasion and tumor metastasis), coronary disease, atherosclerosis (including atherosclerotic plaque rupture and destabilization). Particular dipeptide nitriles are compounds of formula I, or physiologically-acceptable and -cleavable esters or a salts thereof wherein: the symbols are as defined. In particular it has been found that by appropriate choice of groups R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X 1 , Y and L, the relative selectivity of the compounds as inhibitors of the various cysteine cathepsin types, e.g. cathepsins B, K, L and S may be altered, e.g. to obtain inhibitors which selectively inhibit a particular cathepsin type or combination of cathepsin types.

  N-末端取代二肽基硝基烷基，如所定义的，可用作半胱氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂，例如半胱氨酸蛋白酶B，K，L和S，并可用于治疗半胱氨酸蛋白酶依赖性疾病和病况，包括炎症，类风湿性关节炎，骨关节炎，骨质疏松症，肿瘤（特别是肿瘤侵袭和转移），冠心病，动脉粥样硬化（包括动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂和不稳定）。特定的二肽基硝基烷基化合物为式I的化合物，或其生理上可接受和可裂解的酯或其盐，其中：符号如所定义。特别是发现通过适当选择基团R，R2，R3，R4，R5，X1，Y和L，化合物作为各种半胱氨酸蛋白酶类型的抑制剂的相对选择性，例如半胱氨酸蛋白酶B，K，L和S可以改变，例如获得选择性抑制特定半胱氨酸蛋白酶类型或组合的抑制剂。
• DIPEPTIDE NITRILES
  申请人：Altmann Eva

  公开号：US20080027060A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-01-31

  N-terminal substituted dipeptide nitriles as defined are useful as inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins, e.g. cathepsins B, K, L and S, and can be used for the treatment of cysteine cathepsin dependent diseases and conditions, including inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, tumors (especially tumor invasion and tumor metastasis), coronary disease, atherosclerosis (including atherosclerotic plaque rupture and destabilization). Particular dipeptide nitriles are compounds of formula I, or physiologically-acceptable and -cleavable esters or a salts thereof wherein: the symbols are as defined. In particular it has been found that by appropriate choice of groups R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X 1 , Y and L, the relative selectivity of the compounds as inhibitors of the various cysteine cathepsin types, e.g. cathepsins B, K, L and S may be altered, e.g. to obtain inhibitors which selectively inhibit a particular cathepsin type or combination of cathepsin types.

  N-末端取代二肽基腈可作为半胱氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂，例如半胱氨酸蛋白酶B、K、L和S，并可用于治疗半胱氨酸蛋白酶依赖性疾病和病况，包括炎症、类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、肿瘤（尤其是肿瘤侵袭和转移）、冠心病、动脉硬化（包括动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂和不稳定性）。特定的二肽基腈化合物为I式化合物，或其生理上可接受和可水解酯或其盐。其中：符号如定义。特别地，通过适当选择R、R2、R3、R4、R5、X1、Y和L基团，可以改变化合物作为各种半胱氨酸蛋白酶类型的抑制剂的相对选择性，例如获得选择性抑制特定半胱氨酸蛋白酶类型或半胱氨酸蛋白酶类型组合的抑制剂。
• Paired Electrolysis for Decarboxylative Cyanation: 4-CN-Pyridine, a Versatile Nitrile Source
  作者：Gadde Sathish Kumar、Prashant S. Shinde、Haifeng Chen、Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan、Rajesh Kancherla、Magnus Rueping

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01897

  日期：2022.9.9

  decarboxylative cyanation of amino acids under paired electrochemical reaction conditions has been developed. 4-CN-pyridine was found to be a new and effective cyanation reagent under catalyst-free conditions. Mechanistic studies support a nucleophilic reaction pathway, and the cyanation protocol can be applied to diverse substrates including N,N-dialkyl aniline and indole derivatives.

  已经开发了在配对电化学反应条件下氨基酸的脱羧氰化。4-CN-吡啶在无催化剂条件下被发现是一种新型有效的氰化试剂。机理研究支持亲核反应途径，氰化方案可应用于多种底物，包括N、N-二烷基苯胺和吲哚衍生物。
• A Convenient Synthesis of<i>N</i>‐Boc‐Protected α‐Aminonitriles from α‐Amidosulfones
  作者：Vorawit Banphavichit、Saowaluk Chaleawlertumpon、Worawan Bhanthumnavin、Tirayut Vilaivan

  DOI：10.1081/scc-200028592

  日期：2004.1

  Synthesis of N-Boc-protected alpha-aminonitriles starting from N-Boc-protected alpha-aminosulfones is described. Treatment of the sulfone with two equivalents of potassium cyanide in 2-propanol or dichloromethane-H2O under phase transfer condition affords crystalline N-Boc-protected alpha-aminonitriles in good yield. Hydrolysis of the aminonitriles provides a convenient access to racemic a-amino acids.