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四溴双酚 A | 79-94-7

中文名称
四溴双酚 A
中文别名
四溴双酚A;4,4'-异亚丙基双(2,6-二溴苯酚);4,4'-(1-甲基亚乙基)双(2,6-二溴)苯酚;3,3',5,5'-四溴双酚A;2,2-二(2,6-二溴-4-羟基苯基)丙烷;2,2',6,6'-四溴双酚A;2,2-双(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)丙烷;四溴双酚;TBBA
英文名称
Tetrabromobisphenol A
英文别名
TBBPA;3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A;3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A;2,2-bis(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dibromo-phenyl)propane;4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol);2,6-dibromo-4-[1-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]phenol;2,6-dibromo-4-[2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol;2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol;4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)-bis(2,6-dibromophenol);4,4'-Isopropyliden-bis-(2,6-dibromphenol)
四溴双酚 A化学式
CAS
79-94-7
化学式
C15H12Br4O2
mdl
MFCD00013962
分子量
543.875
InChiKey
VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    178-181 °C(lit.)
  • 沸点:
    316 °C
  • 密度:
    2.1
  • 溶解度:
    不溶的
  • LogP:
    5.903-6.31 at 12-25℃
  • 物理描述:
    Tetrabromobisphenol a is a white powder. A monomer for flame-retardant epoxy, polyester and polycarboante resins.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Crystals from isopropyl alcohol
  • 气味:
    Odorless
  • 闪点:
    178 °C
  • 蒸汽压力:
    4.68X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    Henry's Law constant = 2.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
  • 稳定性/保质期:

    无毒。

  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of Bromine.
  • 解离常数:
    pKa = 9.40 at 20 °C

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    6.8
  • 重原子数:
    21
  • 可旋转键数:
    2
  • 环数:
    2.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.2
  • 拓扑面积:
    40.5
  • 氢给体数:
    2
  • 氢受体数:
    2

ADMET

代谢
双酚ATBBPA)是一种非遗传毒性阻燃剂,会导致雌性大鼠子宫肿瘤。这些肿瘤的一个提出的机制(MoA)涉及由于TBBPA抑制雌激素硫酸转移酶(ES),即负责失活和增强雌二醇消除的酶,导致雌二醇生物利用度增加。本研究的目的是评估TBBPA剂量和重复给药对雌性Wistar Han大鼠血浆、肝脏和子宫中TBBPATBBPA-葡萄糖苷酸(GA)和TBBPA-硫酸盐(S)结合物平的影响,这些大鼠连续28天接受TBBPA(50、100、250、500或1000 mg/kg)给药。根据这一目标,TBBPA硫酸化被用作评估在高剂量TBBPA平上雌二醇硫酸化潜力受限的替代指标。在研究第7、14和28天的4和8小时后采集血液样本,同时在28天给药后相同的时间点收集肝脏和子宫。通过LC-MS/MS分析组织样本中的TBBPATBBPA-GA和TBBPA-S。在血浆(第7、14和28天)以及肝脏和子宫组织(第28天)中,所有三种分析物的浓度均随剂量增加而增加,在4和8小时后给药均如此。与7天或14天给药相比,28天给药的大鼠血浆中TBBPA-GA和TBBPA-S的浓度更高,表明随着重复给药,这些结合物在系统循环中的增加。这些结合物在不同组织中的平衡也不同,高剂量时肝脏中TBBPA-S > TBBPA-GA,而在血浆和子宫中TBBPA-GA > TBBPA-S。在所有三种组织中,TBBPA-S/TBBPA-GA的比例随剂量增加呈下降趋势,表明在高TBBPA剂量平下,TBBPA硫酸化受到限制。这种效应在28天给药的肝脏和血浆中最明显。总的来说,这些数据表明,与诱导子宫肿瘤相关的高剂量TBBPA给药会导致结合物平衡的破坏,表现为TBBPA-S/TBBPA-GA比例的降低。TBBPA体内硫酸化的限制支持了将其定义为ES活性的抑制剂的研究数据,从而进一步支持了在Wistar Han大鼠高剂量、慢性TBBPA给药条件下提出的MoA发生的证据。鉴于在大鼠中观察到的子宫肿瘤(250-1000 mg/kg-day)仅在扰乱稳态控制的非常高的剂量下发生,考虑到目前的TBBPA暴露平大约比这些扰乱结合途径容量的剂量低八个数量级,因此在人类中不太可能出现此类效应。
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a nongenotoxic flame retardant, causes uterine tumors in female rats. A proposed mode of action (MoA) for these tumors involves an increase in the bioavailability of estradiol as a result of TBBPA inhibiting estrogen sulfotransferases (ES), the enzymes responsible for inactivating and enhancing the elimination of estradiol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dose and repeated administration of TBBPA on the level of TBBPA, TBBPA-glucuronide (GA) and TBBPA-sulfate (S) conjugates in plasma, liver and uterus of female Wistar Han rats administered TBBPA (50, 100, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days. In accordance with this objective, TBBPA sulfation was used as a surrogate for evaluating the potential for estradiol sulfation to be limited at high dose levels of TBBPA. Blood samples were collected at 4 and 8 h post-dosing on study day 7, 14, and 28, while liver and uterus were collected at the same time points following 28 days of dosing. Tissue samples were analyzed for TBBPA, TBBPA-GA and TBBPA-S by LC-MS/MS. A dose-related increase in the concentration of all three analytes occurred in plasma (day 7, 14, and 28) as well as liver and uterus tissue (day 28) at both 4 and 8 h post dose. The plasma concentration of TBBPA-GA and TBBPA-S was higher in animals dosed for 28 days compared to those dosed for 7 or 14 days showing an increase in systemic circulation of these conjugates with repeated administration. The balance of these conjugates was also different in tissues with TBBPA-S > TBBPA-GA at high doses in the liver and TBBPA-GA > TBBPA-S in both plasma and uterus. In all three tissues the ratio of TBBPA-S/TBBPA-GA showed a decreasing trend with dose, suggesting that at high TBBPA dose levels sulfation of TBBPA becomes limited. This effect was most apparent in the liver and plasma at 28 days of administration. Together these data show that administration of high doses of TBBPA associated with the induction of uterine tumors, results in a disruption in the balance of conjugates reflected by a decrease in the TBBPA-S/TBBPA-GA ratio. A limitation in the sulfation of TBBPA in vivo supports in vitro data defining TBBPA as an inhibitor of ES activity, thus providing further support that the proposed MoA occurs under conditions of high dose, chronic TBBPA administration to Wistar Han rats. Given that the uterine tumors observed in rats (250-1000 mg/kg-day) only occur at very high doses that perturb homeostatic control, it is unlikely such effects would occur in humans given that current TBBPA exposure levels are approximately eight orders of magnitude lower than these doses that are associated with exceeding the capacity of conjugation pathways in animal studies.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
双酚A的体外代谢在鼠和人体内进行了研究,使用的是((14)C)-放射性标记分子。四双酚A被代谢成相应的葡萄糖苷酸(肝脏S9部分)和通过细胞色素P450依赖途径产生的几种其他代谢物(肝脏微粒体和肝脏S9部分)。在20-200微摩尔浓度范围内,无论选择哪种浓度,在大鼠和人体之间没有观察到主要的定性差异。四双酚A在分子的中心碳附近发生氧化裂解,导致生成羟基化二、羟基化二异丙基谷胱甘肽结合的二异丙基。四双酚A的主要代谢物是两种比母体化合物极性低的分子,分别被表征为三环化合物和类似七二聚体的化合物。这两种结构,以及分子分解产生的较低分子量代谢物,都表明在四双酚A的第一步氧化后形成了化学活性中间体。
The comparative in vitro metabolism of the flame retardant tetrabromo-bisphenol A was studied in rat and human using a ((14)C)-radio-labelled molecule. Tetrabromo-bisphenol A is metabolized into the corresponding glucuronide (liver S9 fractions) and several other metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 dependent pathways (liver microsomes and liver S9 fractions). No major qualitative differences were observed between rat and human, regardless of the selected concentration, within the 20-200 uM range. Tetrabromo-bisphenol A undergoes an oxidative cleavage near the central carbon of the molecule, that leads to the production of hydroxylated dibromo-phenol, hydroxylated dibromo-isopropyl-phenol and glutathione conjugated dibromo-isopropyl-phenol. The main metabolites of tetrabromo-bisphenol A are two molecules of lower polarity than the parent compound, characterized as a hexa-brominated compound with three aromatic rings and a hepta-brominated dimer-like compound, respectively. Both structures, as well as the lower molecular weight metabolites resulting from the breakdown of the molecule, suggest the occurrence of chemically reactive intermediates formed following a first step oxidation of tetrabromo-bisphenol A.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
(14)C-TBBP-A (2,2-双(4-羟基-3,5-二溴苯基)丙烷)通过口服给药给常规和胆管插管的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(2.0毫克/千克体重)。...在0-24小时胆汁样本中鉴定出三种代谢物。通过质谱法鉴定了葡萄糖醛酸和硫酸酯结合物。超过95%的可提取粪便(14)C被鉴定为母体TBBP-A。尿液中与载体蛋白相关的TBBP-A衍生的(14)C数量微不足道。
(14)C-TBBP-A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propane) was administered orally to the conventional and bile-duct cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rat (2.0 mg/kg body weight). ... Three metabolites were characterized in 0-24 hr bile samples. Glucuronic acid and sulfate ester conjugates were characterized by mass spectrometry. More than 95% of the extractable fecal (14)C was identified as parent TBBP-A. Negligible amounts of TBBP-A-derived (14)C were associated with carrier proteins in the urine and bile.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在GD16至GD19期间,每天通过灌胃给怀孕大鼠施用(14)C-TBBPA(每天190微克/千克)。动物在GD20处死。在动物体内测得的总放射性物质占给药剂量的不到0.5%,其中肠道和肝脏中的平最高,胎儿中发现的量占剂量的不到0.01%,这表明胎盘转移较少。发现肠道中大部分放射性物质是由于TBBPA硫酸盐和葡萄糖醛酸苷共轭物,但这些代谢物并未通过液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)正式鉴定。
The metabolic fate of (14)C-TBBPA in pregnant rats dosed daily by gavage (190 ug/kg per day) from GD16 to GD19. Animals were killed at GD20. Total radioactivity measured in animals accounted for less than 0.5% of the administered dose, the highest levels being found in intestine and liver, and the amount found in fetuses representing less than 0.01% of the dose, suggesting minor trans-placental transfer. The major part of the radioactivity present in the intestine was found to be due to sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of TBBPA, but these metabolites were not formally identified by LC-MS.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
主要通过吸入进入人体,但也可以通过皮肤接触。盐可以摄入。由于的活性,它会迅速形成化物并可能沉积在组织中,取代其他卤素。
Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:2,2',6,6'-四双酚ATBBPA)是一种白色结晶粉末。它主要用作环氧树脂电路板中的反应型阻燃剂,最近也用于由聚碳酸酯-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(PC-ABS)制成的电子外壳;大约90%用于树脂的制造。人体研究:TBBPA没有产生皮肤刺激也没有引起接触过敏。在体外染色体畸变试验中使用人外周淋巴细胞,TBBPA没有诱导结构性和数量性染色体畸变。动物研究:在一项90天的口服研究中,用高达100 mg/kg饲料处理的 rats 没有发现毒性。在一项对3周大小鼠进行的单次口服剂量(灌胃)0.1、5或250 mg TBBPA/kg bw的研究中,给药后3小时在开阔场地、情境恐惧条件反射和Y迷宫测试中观察到了行为改变。在两个较低剂量下观察到了效果,而在最高剂量下没有观察到效果。在一项两代研究中,大鼠从配对前到哺乳期结束,每天通过灌胃给予10、100或1000 mg/kg bw的TBBPA。行为测试包括运动活动(平和垂直)以及在Morris迷宫和被动回避测试中的学习和记忆测试。F2代幼崽在暴露组和对照组之间没有差异。在非洲爪蟾变态过程中,TBBPA在动物内源性甲状腺激素(TH)平高时表现出拮抗作用,而在动物内源性TH平低时表现出激动作用。一些对啮齿类动物进行TBBPA的口服毒性研究报告了甲状腺激素平的变化,一项TBBPA致癌性研究显示大鼠子宫肿瘤发生率增加。TBBPA可能通过竞争性抑制雌激素结合而增加循环雌激素平。在一系列体外微生物试验中,使用Salmonella typhimurium TA1535、TA1537、TA1538、TA98和TA100以及Saccharomyces cerevisiae(有和没有代谢激活),在0.001、0.003、0.01、0.03和0.1 mg/plate的浓度下检测了TBBPA的致突变活性。所有测试均为阴性。生态毒性研究:TBBPA在高浓度下对生物表现出高度的急性毒性。TBBPA诱导了Carassius auratus肝脏的氧化应激。TBBPA暴露影响了斑马鱼的行为。通过生长抑制和对编码基因的mRNA平的变化在蚯蚓中的评估,TBBPA显示出比其他化阻燃剂更大的毒性。TBBPA处理减少了大豆叶绿素含量并诱导了丙二醛的产生。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2,2',6,6'-Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a white crystalline powder. It is primarily used as a reactive flame retardant in epoxy resin circuit boards and more recently in electronic enclosures made of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PC-ABS); approximately 90% is used in the manufacture of the resins. HUMAN STUDIES: TBBPA did not produce skin irritation nor contact sensitization. TBBPA was negative for the induction of structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in the in vitro chromosome aberration test using human peripheral lymphocytes. ANIMAL STUDIES: In a 90-day oral study, no toxicity was found in rats treated with up to 100 mg/kg in the feed. A study performed in 3 week old mice treated with a single oral dose (gavage) of 0.1, 5 or 250 mg TBBPA/kg bw showed behavioral alterations in the open field, contextual fear conditioning and Y maze tests 3 hours after dosing. Effects were observed at the two lower doses and not at the highest dose. In a two generation study, rats were administered TBBPA by gavage at 10, 100 or 1,000 mg/kg bw per day from pre-mating until the end of the lactation. The behavioral testing included locomotor activity (horizontal and vertical), and learning and memory tests in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. There were no differences in the F2 pups between exposed and control animals. In Xenopus laevis metamorphosis TBBPA exhibits an antagonistic activity at the developmental stages when animals have high endogenous thyroid hormone (TH) levels, whereas it acts as an agonist at the developmental stages when animals have low endogenous TH levels. Some oral toxicity studies in rodents with TBBPA reported changes in thyroid hormone levels and a carcinogenicity study with TBBPA showed increased incidences of uterine tumors in rats. TBBPA may increase levels of circulating estrogens by a competitive inhibition of estrogen conjugation. TBBPA was examined for mutagenic activity at concentrations of 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 mg/plate in a series of in vitro microbial assays using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with, and without metabolic activation. All tests were negative. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: TBBPA shows high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms at high concentrations. TBBPA induced oxidative stress in livers of Carassius auratus. TBBPA exposure affected the behavior of zebrafish. Assessed by growth inhibition and the changes at mRNA levels of encoding genes in earthworms, TBBPA showed the greatest toxicity compared to other brominated flame retardants. TBBPA treatment reduced the chlorophyll content and induced production of malondialdehyde in soybean leaves.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
是一种强大的氧化剂,能够从粘膜组织中的分解出氧自由基。这些自由基也是有力的氧化剂,会导致组织损伤。此外,氢溴酸溴酸的形成会导致二次刺激。溴离子还已知会影响中枢神经系统,导致中毒。这被认为是因为溴离子取代了神经递质和传输系统中的氯离子,从而影响了众多的突触过程。(L626, L627, A543)
Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
双酚A在人类中的致癌性证据不足。在实验动物中四双酚A的致癌性证据充分。总体评估:四双酚A可能对人类致癌(2A组)。
There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of tetrabromobisphenol A. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of tetrabromobisphenol A. Overall evaluation: Tetrabromobisphenol A is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:四双酚A
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Tetrabromobisphenol A
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:2A组:可能对人类致癌
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
双酚ATBBPA)是全球最广泛使用的化阻燃剂之一,用于提高电子电气设备中层的防火安全性。为了研究TBBPA对大鼠的肾毒性潜力及其毒动学特性,进行了单次剂量和每日14天重复剂量的毒性研究,剂量分别为200、500或1000毫克/千克。分析了多个生化参数以评估TBBPA的肾毒性。高剂量1000毫克/千克的TBBPA显著提高了肾脏的巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)平,并且在给予的所有三个剂量下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均增加。与此相关的是,过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性没有变化。我们的结果表明,急性1天高剂量给药的TBBPA在5小时时产生了短暂的肾脏变化。随后,通过液相色谱-质谱(LC/MS)测定血清、尿液和肾脏中的TBBPA。毒动学研究表明,TBBPA具有相对较短的半衰期(7-9小时),在2天内几乎完全通过粪便排出。根据14天重复剂量研究的结果,TBBPA在大鼠体内没有积累,并通过粪便排出。目前的结果表明,由于TBBPA不具有生物利用度且不出现在肾组织中,它可能对肾脏没有毒性。
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the most widely used global brominated flame retardants, is used to improve fire safety of laminates in electrical and electronic equipment. To investigate the nephrotoxic potential of TBBPA and its toxicokinetic profile in rats, single-dose and daily 14-day repeated-dose toxicity studies at 200, 500, or 1000 mg/kg were performed. Several biochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate nephrotoxicity of TBBPA. High-dose 1000 mg/kg TBBPA significantly elevated renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased at all 3 doses administered. This was associated with no change in the activity of catalase (CAT). Our results suggest that acute 1-d high-dose administration of TBBPA produced transient renal changes at 5 h. Subsequently, TBBPA in serum, urine, and kidney was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). Toxicokinetic studies indicated that TBBPA shows relatively a short half-life (7-9 hr) and was eliminated almost completely in feces by 2 day. Based on the results from the 14-day repeated-dose study, TBBPA did not accumulate in the rat, and was eliminated in feces. The present results suggested that TBBPA may not be toxic to kidney, as the chemical is not bioavailable and is not present in renal tissue.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在大鼠中,四双酚ATBBPA)在口服给药后能够被迅速吸收、代谢并在72小时内排出体外。给予单次口服(14)C-TBBPA的常规大鼠和胆管插管大鼠的(14)C-活性恢复分别为给药量的92%和98.5%,分别在给药后72小时内。由于广泛的排出,72小时内的总组织保留有限。在常规大鼠中,有2%的给药量保留在组织中,但在胆管插管大鼠中,72小时内的保留量小于1%。在大鼠的脂肪组织、心脏、脾脏、睾丸或胸腺中几乎没有检测到TBBPA的沉积(小于给药量的0.0005%)。主要的排出途径是粪便;在尿液中仅检测到微量的物质。胆汁中检测到了葡萄糖醛酸和硫酸酯结合物;然而,由于肠道细菌的去结合作用,原分子是在物种中发现的占主导地位的形式。
In the rat, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was readily absorbed, metabolized and eliminated within 72 hours after oral dosing. Recovery of (14)C-activity in the conventional and bile-cannulated rat administered a single oral dose of (14)C-TBBPA was 92 and 98.5% of the dose, respectively, by 72 hours post-dosing. Owing to the extensive elimination, total tissue retention at 72 hours was limited. In the conventional rat, 2% of the dose was retained in the tissues, but <1 % in the cannulated rat at 72 hours. Essentially no deposition of TBBPA was detected in adipose tissue, heart, spleen, testis or thymus < 0.0005% of dose). The primary route of elimination was the feces; only negligible amounts were detected in urine. Glucuronic acid and sulfate ester conjugates were detected in bile; however the parent molecule was the predominant form found in species due to deconjugation by intestinal bacteria.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
TBBP-A (14)C通过腹膜内给药方式给予60只雌性Wistar大鼠,单次剂量为250或1000毫克/千克,使用橄榄油作为载体;未指明(14)C标记的位置。动物被安置在代谢笼中。在整个72小时的研究期间收集尿液和粪便样本。从尾静脉每只动物采集16个血液样本;采样时间未报告。在暴露后1、4、12、24、48和72小时,每组剂量的4只动物被斩首并提取组织(肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、大脑、脂肪、肌肉、肾上腺和坐骨神经)。测定红细胞、血浆、粪便、组织提取物和尿液中的(14)C含量。分析在最初48小时内收集的粪便样本,并通过气相色谱/质谱鉴定代谢物。在24、48和72小时,研究人员报告了尿液、粪便和各种组织中放射性的命运,包括两个剂量平的结果(来自4只大鼠/时间点)。无论剂量如何,检测到的放射性大部分在粪便中。在24小时,250和1000毫克/千克组的粪便中分别排除了37土34%和25土24%的给药放射性;在48小时,分别排除了61土25%和43土19%的给药放射性;在72小时,分别排除了65土24%和51土17%的给药放射性。尿液是排泄的次要途径;在72小时内,两个剂量的大约0.3%的给药放射性通过此途径排出。报告称,250毫克/千克动物血液中的放射性在24、48和72小时分别为1.8土0.3%,4土0.4%和3.8土0.7%(1000毫克/千克组未测定)。在72小时后,脂肪(大约3-6%)和肌肉(大约11-14%)中仍有保留;组织中的(14)C沉积似乎与剂量无关。然而,研究表明这些计算中可能存在错误,但未描述错误的性质。因此,组织中(14)C含量的计算可能不准确。此外,其他研究表明TBBP-A在脂肪或其他身体组织中的保留非常少,因此生物累积的潜力被认为不显著。还应注意,消化道、肠内容物、皮肤、骨骼和韧带等中的放射性平未被检测到。研究人员仅以图表形式展示了250毫克/千克组的血浆和红细胞中的放射性平;在任一情况下,未将数值表示为给药剂量的比例。定性地说,血浆中放射性最大平在给药后第一个小时内观察到;随后放射性的下降呈现双相型态。研究人员计算了I相和II相的半衰期分别为0.9和230小时。在红细胞中,放射性最大平在给药后48小时观察到;它以单相型态下降,并计算出半衰期为142小时。在给药后72小时,红细胞中的放射性平据报道是血浆中的10倍,然而,没有更多定量信息,不清楚这一发现的相对重要性。在给药后10、15和21天,仍报告有升高平,但同样,这些发现的定量意义不明确。250毫克/千克剂量的大鼠粪便中提取的(14)C-TBBP-A和/或代谢物的产量大约为粪便中放射性标记物的89%。气相色谱提取物在色谱图上产生两个峰,质谱分析鉴定为三-A和未改变的TBBP-A。从定量的角度来看,这两种物质在粪便中以大约1:9的比例存在。根据这项研究的结果,显而易见的是,无论剂量如何,腹膜内给药后,大部分TBBP-A以未改变的形式在粪便中排出。排泄的时程与口服给药后报告的时程相似。
TBBP-A (14)C was administered intraperitoneally to 60 female Wistar rats in a single dose of 250 or 1,000 mg/kg in an olive oil vehicle; the site of the (14)C label was not stipulated. The animals were housed in metabolism cages. Urine and fecal samples were collected throughout the 72-hour study. Sixteen blood samples per animal were collected from the tail vein; sampling time was not reported. At 1, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure 4 animals from each dose group were decapitated and tissues (liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, fat, muscles, adrenals and sciatic nerve) were extracted. The amount of (14)C in the red blood cells, plasma, feces, tissue extracts and urine was determined. Samples of feces collected over the first 48 hours were analyzed and metabolites were identified via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. At 24, 48 and 72 hours, the /researchers/ report the fate of the radioactivity in urine, feces and various tissues at both dose levels (results from 4 rats/timepoint). Irrespective of dose, the majority of the radioactivity detected was found in the feces. At 24 hours, 37 +/- 34% and 25 +/- 24% of administered radioactivity was eliminated in feces in the 250 and 1,000 mg/kg groups, respectively; at 48 hours, 61 +/- 25% and 43 +/- 19% of the administered radioactivity was eliminated, respectively; and at 72 hours, 65 +/- 24% and 51 +/- 17% of the administered radioactivity was eliminated, respectively. The urine represented a minor route of excretion; for both doses approximately 0.3% of the administered radioactivity was eliminated by this route by 72 hours. Radioactivity in the blood of the 250 mg/kg animals was reported to be 1.8 0.3%, 4 +/- 0.4% and 3.8 +/- 0.7% at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively (it was not determined in the 1,000 mg/kg group). At 72 hours, post-administration there was some retention in fat (approximately 3-6%) and muscle (approximately 11-14%); the deposition of (14)C within the tissues did not appear to be dose-dependent. However, it is documented by the authors of the study that possible errors exist in these calculations, the nature of which were not described. Thus, the calculations of the amount of (14)C in the tissues may be inaccurate. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated very little retention of TBBP-A in the fat or other body tissue, therefore, the potential for bioaccumulation is not considered to be significant. It should also be noted that radioactivity levels were not detected in the digestive tract, intestinal contents, skin, bone and ligaments amongst others. The authors present graphically radioactivity levels in plasma and red blood cells from the 250 mg/kg group only; in neither case are figures presented as a proportion of the administered dose. Qualitatively, the maximum level of radioactivity in plasma was observed within the first hour following administration; the subsequent decline of radioactivity followed a biphasic profile. The authors calculated half-lives of 0.9 and 230 hours for phase I and II, respectively. In red blood cells, the maximum level of radioactivity was observed 48 hours post-administration; it declined with a monophasic profile and a calculated half-life of 142 hours. At 72 hours post-administration, radioactivity levels in red blood cells were reported to be 10 times higher than those in plasma, however, it is unclear what the relative significance of this is without more quantitative information. Elevated levels were still reported at 10, 15 and 21 days post-administration, but again, the quantitative significance of these findings is unclear. The yield of (14)C-TBBP-A and/or metabolites extracted from the faeces of animals dosed with 250 mg/kg was approximately 89% of the radiolabel present in the faeces. Gas chromatography of the extract produced two peaks on the chromatogram, which mass spectral analysis identified as tribromobisphenol-A and unchanged TBBP-A. Quantitatively these two substances were present in the faeces in a ratio of approximately 1:9. From the results of this study, it is apparent that, irrespective of the dose, following intraperitoneal administration, the majority of TBBP-A is excreted in the feces, apparently unchanged. The elimination follows a similar time course to that reported following oral administration.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
怀有Wistar大鼠每天在妊娠期的第10-16天通过口服给予0或5毫克/公斤的(14)C-环标记的TBBP-A,用玉米油稀释(每组动物的数量没有记录)。从妊娠第10天开始,每天收集粪便和尿液。在妊娠第20天,通过乙醚麻醉处死大鼠,并收集母体和胎儿的多种组织(肝脏、骨骼肌、腹部脂肪、胎盘、总血浆、前脑、肾脏、肺、脾脏、心脏、小脑、胰腺和胸腺)以及尸体,用于放射性测量,通过液体闪烁计数法评估。在最后一次给药后48小时内,大部分放射性物质(79.8%)通过粪便排出,少量通过尿液排出(<0.2%的给药放射性)。母体和胎儿组织之间含有1.2%的给药放射性;其中,母体组织中最高水平是在尸体(占剂量的0.37%)和肝脏(占剂量的0.26%)中检测到的。胎儿中的总放射性量约为给药剂量的0.34%;胎儿组织中最高水平是在尸体(占剂量的0.07%)和肝脏(占剂量的0.06%)中检测到的。本研究未验证组织中检测到的标记物质的性质;它可能是TBBP-A的代谢物,而不是TBBP-A本身。
Pregnant Wistar rats were orally dosed with 0 or 5 mg/kg (14)C-ring labelled TBBP-A in corn oil daily on days 10-16 of gestation (the number of animals/group was not documented). Feces and urine were collected daily from day 10 of gestation. On gestational day 20, rats were sacrificed via ether anesthesia, and a number of tissues from the dams and the fetuses (liver, skeletal muscle, abdominal fat, placenta, total plasma, forebrain, kidney, lungs, spleen, heart, cerebellum, pancreas and thymus) and the carcasses were collected for radioactivity measurements, assessed by liquid scintillation counting. The majority of the radioactivity (79.8%) was excreted in the feces by 48 hours after the final dose, with limited amounts reported to be excreted in the urine (<0.2% of the administered radioactivity). The tissues of the dams and fetuses between them contained 1.2% of the dosed radioactivity; of this, the highest levels in maternal tissues were detected in the carcass (0.37% of the dose) and the liver (0.26% of the dose). The total amount of radioactivity in the fetus was approximately 0.34% of the administered dose); the highest levels in the fetal tissues were detected in the carcass (0.07% of the dose) and liver (0.06% of the dose). The nature of the labelled substance detected in the tissue was not verified in this study; it may have been a metabolite of TBBP-A rather than TBBP-A itself.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    9
  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S36,S37/39
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38
  • WGK Germany:
    1
  • 海关编码:
    2908199090
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3077 9/PG 3
  • RTECS号:
    SM0894500
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险类别:
    9
  • 危险标志:
    GHS09
  • 危险性描述:
    H410
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P273,P501
  • 储存条件:
    本品应密封保存于阴凉处,宜存放在清洁干燥的室内。在运输过程中,请避免雨淋受潮及破袋。建议使用塑料袋进行包装,并按照一般化学品的规定进行贮存和运输。

SDS

SDS:89659d8d50bb93e3f2c0dcb9d8fe6d2a
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模块 1. 化学
1.1 产品标识符
: 3,3′,5,5′-四溴双酚 A
产品名称
1.2 鉴别的其他方法
4,4′-Isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol)
1.3 有关的确定了的物质或混合物的用途和建议不适合的用途
仅用于研发。不作为药品、家庭或其它用途。

模块 2. 危险性概述
2.1 GHS-分类
急性生毒性 (类别 1)
慢性生毒性 (类别 2)
2.2 GHS 标记要素,包括预防性的陈述
象形图
警示词 警告
危险申明
H400 对生物毒性极大。
H411 对生物有毒并有长期持续的影响。
警告申明
预防措施
P273 避免释放到环境中。
事故响应
P391 收集溢出物。
废弃处置
P501 将内容物/ 容器处理到得到批准的废物处理厂。
2.3 其它危害物 - 无

模块 3. 成分/组成信息
3.1 物 质
: 4,4′-Isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol)
别名
: C15H12Br4O2
分子式
: 543.87 g/mol
分子量
组分 浓度或浓度范围
2,2',6,6'-Tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol
-
化学文摘登记号(CAS 79-94-7
No.) 201-236-9
EC-编号 604-074-00-0
索引编号

模块 4. 急救措施
4.1 必要的急救措施描述
一般的建议
请教医生。 向到现场的医生出示此安全技术说明书。
吸入
如果吸入,请将患者移到新鲜空气处。 如呼吸停止,进行人工呼吸。 请教医生。
皮肤接触
用肥皂和大量的冲洗。 请教医生。
眼睛接触
冲洗眼睛作为预防措施。
食入
切勿给失去知觉者通过口喂任何东西。 用漱口。 请教医生。
4.2 主要症状和影响,急性和迟发效应
据我们所知,此化学,物理和毒性性质尚未经完整的研究。
4.3 及时的医疗处理和所需的特殊处理的说明和指示
无数据资料

模块 5. 消防措施
5.1 灭火介质
灭火方法及灭火剂
雾,抗乙醇泡沫,干粉或二氧化碳灭火。
5.2 源于此物质或混合物的特别的危害
碳氧化物, 溴化氢
5.3 给消防员的建议
如必要的话,戴自给式呼吸器去救火。
5.4 进一步信息
无数据资料

模块 6. 泄露应急处理
6.1 作业人员防护措施、防护装备和应急处置程序
避免粉尘生成。 避免吸入蒸气、烟雾或气体。 保证充分的通风。 人员疏散到安全区域。
6.2 环境保护措施
如能确保安全,可采取措施防止进一步的泄漏或溢出。 不要让产品进入下道。
一定要避免排放到周围环境中。
6.3 泄漏化学品的收容、清除方法及所使用的处置材料
收集和处置时不要产生粉尘。 扫掉和铲掉。 放入合适的封闭的容器中待处理。
6.4 参考其他部分
丢弃处理请参阅第13节。

模块 7. 操作处置与储存
7.1 安全操作的注意事项
在有粉尘生成的地方,提供合适的排风设备。
7.2 安全储存的条件,包括任何不兼容性
贮存在阴凉处。 使容器保持密闭,储存在干燥通风处。
7.3 特定用途
无数据资料

模块 8. 接触控制和个体防护
8.1 容许浓度
最高容许浓度
没有已知的国家规定的暴露极限。
8.2 暴露控制
适当的技术控制
根据良好的工业卫生和安全规范进行操作。 休息前和工作结束时洗手。
个体防护设备
眼/面保护
请使用经官方标准如NIOSH (美国) 或 EN 166(欧盟) 检测与批准的设备防护眼部。
皮肤保护
戴手套取 手套在使用前必须受检查。
请使用合适的方法脱除手套(不要接触手套外部表面),避免任何皮肤部位接触此产品.
使用后请将被污染过的手套根据相关法律法规和有效的实验室规章程序谨慎处理. 请清洗并吹干双手
所选择的保护手套必须符合EU的89/686/EEC规定和从它衍生出来的EN 376标准。
身体保护
根据危险物质的类型,浓度和量,以及特定的工作场所选择身体保护措施。,
防护设备的类型必须根据特定工作场所中的危险物的浓度和数量来选择。
呼吸系统防护
不需要保护呼吸。如需防护粉尘损害,请使用N95型(US)或P1型(EN 143)防尘面具。
呼吸器使用经过测试并通过政府标准如NIOSH(US)或CEN(EU)的呼吸器和零件。

模块 9. 理化特性
9.1 基本的理化特性的信息
a) 外观与性状
形状: 粉末
颜色: 白色
b) 气味
无臭
c) 气味阈值
无数据资料
d) pH值
无数据资料
e) 熔点/凝固点
熔点/凝固点: 178 - 181 °C - lit.
f) 沸点、初沸点和沸程
无数据资料
g) 闪点
无数据资料
h) 蒸发速率
无数据资料
i) 易燃性(固体,气体)
无数据资料
j) 高的/低的燃烧性或爆炸性限度 无数据资料
k) 蒸气压
< 0.0000001 hPa 在 20 °C - 经济合作和发展组织的试验指导书104
l) 蒸汽密度
无数据资料
m) 密度/相对密度
2.17 g/cm3 -
n) 溶性
1.1 g/l 在 25 °C - 经济合作和发展组织的试验指导书105 - 微溶
o) n-辛醇/分配系数
辛醇--的分配系数的对数值: 5.903 在 25 °C -
p) 自燃温度
无数据资料
q) 分解温度
无数据资料
r) 粘度
无数据资料

模块 10. 稳定性和反应活性
10.1 反应性
无数据资料
10.2 稳定性
无数据资料
10.3 危险反应
无数据资料
10.4 应避免的条件
无数据资料
10.5 不相容的物质
强氧化剂
10.6 危险的分解产物
其它分解产物 - 无数据资料

模块 11. 毒理学资料
11.1 毒理学影响的信息
急性毒性
半数致死剂量 (LD50) 经口 - 大鼠 - 雄性和雌性 - > 5,000 mg/kg
半数致死浓度(LC50) 吸入 - 大鼠 - 雄性和雌性 - 8 h - >= 0.5 mg/l
半数致死剂量 (LD50) 经皮 - 兔子 - 雄性和雌性 - > 2,000 mg/kg
皮肤刺激或腐蚀
皮肤 - 兔子 - 无皮肤刺激 - 24 h - 兔眼刺激(Draize)试验
眼睛刺激或腐蚀
眼睛 - 兔子 - 无眼睛刺激
呼吸道或皮肤过敏
豚鼠封闭斑贴试验 - 豚鼠 - 不引起皮肤过敏。
生殖细胞致突变性
细胞突变性-体外试验 - Ames 试验(艾姆斯试验) - 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 - 有或没有代谢活化作用 - 阴性
致癌性
IARC:
此产品中没有大于或等于 0。1%含量的组分被 IARC鉴别为可能的或肯定的人类致癌物。
生殖毒性
生殖毒性 - 大鼠 - 经口
对生殖的影响:胚胎植入后死亡率(例如总着床胚胎数中死亡和/或被再吸收的胚胎数)。
对胚胎或胎儿的影响:胎儿毒性(死亡除外,例如矮小胎儿)。 特定发育异常:肌肉骨骼系统。
特异性靶器官系统毒性(一次接触)
无数据资料
特异性靶器官系统毒性(反复接触)
无数据资料
吸入危险
无数据资料
潜在的健康影响
吸入 吸入可能有害。 可能引起呼吸道刺激。
摄入 如服入是有害的。
皮肤 通过皮肤吸收可能有害。 可能引起皮肤刺激。
眼睛 可能引起眼睛刺激。
接触后的征兆和症状
据我们所知,此化学,物理和毒性性质尚未经完整的研究。
附加说明
反复染毒毒性 - 大鼠 - 雄性和雌性 - 经口 - 未观察到有害效果的平 - 1,000 mg/kg
反复染毒毒性 - 兔子 - 雄性和雌性 - 经皮 - 未观察到有害效果的平 - 2,500 mg/kg
化学物质毒性作用登记: SM0894500

模块 12. 生态学资料
12.1 生态毒性
对鱼类的毒性 静态试验 半数致死浓度(LC50) - 鲫属 (鲤鱼) - 0.71 mg/l - 96 h
方法: 经济合作和发展组织的试验指导书203
蚤和其他生无脊 固定 半数致死浓度(LC50) - 大型蚤 (蚤) - > 1.8 mg/l - 48 h
椎动物的毒性 方法: 经济合作和发展组织的试验指导书202
对藻类的毒性 静态试验 无可观察效应浓度 - 羊角月牙藻(绿藻) - 5.6 mg/l - 96 h
细菌毒性 呼吸抑制 半数效应浓度(EC50) - 污泥处理 - 5 - 30 mg/l - 3 h
方法: 经济合作和发展组织的试验指导书209
12.2 持久性和降解性
生物降解能力 好氧的 - 接触时间 14 d
结果: 0 % - 不易生物降解。
方法: 经合组织(OECD )测试指南 301C
12.3 潜在的生物累积性
无数据资料
12.4 土壤中的迁移性
无数据资料
12.5 PBT 和 vPvB的结果评价
无数据资料
12.6 其它不良影响
生物毒性极大。

模块 13. 废弃处置
13.1 废物处理方法
产品
将剩余的和不可回收的溶液交给有许可证的公司处理。
与易燃溶剂相溶或者相混合,在备有燃烧后处理和洗刷作用的化学焚化炉中燃烧
受污染的容器和包装
按未用产品处置。

模块 14. 运输信息
14.1 联合国危险货物编号
欧洲陆运危规: 3077 国际海运危规: 3077 国际空运危规: 3077
14.2 联合国运输名称
欧洲陆运危规: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (2,2',6,6'-Tetrabromo-
4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol)
国际海运危规: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (2,2',6,6'-Tetrabromo-
4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol)
国际空运危规: EnvironmeNTAlly hazardous subSTance, solid, n.o.s. (2,2',6,6'-Tetrabromo-4,4'-
isopropylidenediphenol)
14.3 运输危险类别
欧洲陆运危规: 9 国际海运危规: 9 国际空运危规: 9
14.4 包裹组
欧洲陆运危规: III 国际海运危规: III 国际空运危规: III
14.5 环境危险
欧洲陆运危规: 是 国际海运危规 国际空运危规: 是
海洋污染物(是/否): 是
14.6 对使用者的特别提醒
进一步信息
危险品独立包装,液体5升以上或固体5公斤以上,每个独立包装外和独立内包装合并后的外包装上都必须有EHS
标识 (根据欧洲 ADR 法规 2.2.9.1.10, IMDG 法规 2.10.3),
若适用,该化学品满足《危险化学品安全管理条例》(2002年1月9号国务院通过)的要求。

模块 16. 其他信息
进一步信息
版权所有:2013 Co. LLC. 公司。许可无限制纸张拷贝,仅限于内部使用。
上述信息视为正确,但不包含所有的信息,仅作为指引使用。本文件中的信息是基于我们目前所知,就正
确的安全提示来说适用于本品。该信息不代表对此产品性质的保证。
参见发票或包装条的反面。


模块 15 - 法规信息
N/A

制备方法与用途

双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA)是全球生产量最大的代阻燃剂,广泛应用于电子和塑料等高分子材料的制造中。作为被大量使用并在环境中普遍存在的持久性有机污染物(Persistent organic Pollutants, POPs)之一,四双酚A在自然界中具有长期残留性、生物蓄积性、半挥发性和高毒性,还具备致癌、致畸及致突变性,能够在大气中长距离迁移并重新沉积到地球表面,对空气、体、土壤以及沉积物等环境介质及其生态系统造成污染。

化学性质

双酚A是一种白色粉末状物质,可溶于甲醇乙醚,却不溶于。主要用作反应型阻燃剂。

用途

作为反应型阻燃剂,它可用于环氧树脂、聚树脂等材料;而作为一种添加型阻燃剂,则适用于聚苯乙烯SAN树脂ABS树脂等多种高分子材料中。四双酚A广泛应用于塑料、橡胶、纺织、纤维和造纸等行业,使其制品具备良好的阻燃性和自熄性。目前,它已被正式用于电视高压包灌注环氧树脂等场合。

生产方法

生产过程包括将双在室温下与化反应,然后通,并通过过滤、洗和干燥等一系列步骤得到成品。其原料消耗定额为:双 A 840kg/t、素350kg/t、液(98%)800kg/t。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    四溴双酚 A 在 sodium sulfite 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 反应 12.0h, 以80%的产率得到双酚A
    参考文献:
    名称:
    在水介质中用亚硫酸钠对苯酚和杂芳族化合物进行还原脱卤和脱卤磺化
    摘要:
    质子互变异构被用作在水介质中使用亚硫酸钠作为唯一试剂的(杂)芳基溴化物和碘化物的还原性脱卤化或(杂)芳基氯和氟化物的脱卤化磺化的工具。该方案不需要金属或相转移催化剂,避免使用有机溶剂作为反应介质。此方法特别适用于容易互变异构的底物(例如2-或4-卤代氨基酚和4-卤代间苯二酚),在温和的反应条件下(≤60°C)会进行脱卤或磺化。由于亚硫酸钠是一种廉价,安全且对环境无害的试剂,因此该方法至少具有三个潜在应用:(i)使用亚硫酸钠作为还原剂对卤素作为保护基进行脱保护;(ii)在温和的反应条件下磺化芳族卤化物,避免使用危险和腐蚀性的试剂/溶剂;(iii)将有毒的卤代芳族化合物转化为危害较小的化合物。
    DOI:
    10.1039/c9gc00467j
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    双酚A 在 potassium tribromide 作用下, 以 乙腈 为溶剂, 反应 0.08h, 以99%的产率得到四溴双酚 A
    参考文献:
    名称:
    使用三溴化钾瞬时,简便,选择性地合成四溴双酚A:一种高效且可再生的溴化剂
    摘要:
    首次报道了一种瞬时溴化双酚A的方法,首次使用三溴化钾作为有效的溴化剂,在环境温度下仅5-10分钟的反应时间内即可提供相应的四溴双酚A,且产率高(99%),并且纯度(> 99%),没有反应副产物,并且离子杂质极低。温和的反应条件和简单的后处理为合成销量最大的阻燃剂提供了实用且商业上可行的途径。溴化反应过程中生成的HBr要么用于制备增值的溴化产品,要么作为废物处理,造成严重的环境问题。通过中和进行HBr内置回收的环保方法,因此,已经设计并开发了由此产生额外量的金属溴化物并从液体混合物中回收溶剂的方法。可以回收用于制备三溴化钾的KBr,使其再生,然后再使用,而不会造成任何重大损失。
    DOI:
    10.1021/op900262f
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文献信息

  • Electrophotographic photoconductor, process for forming an image, image forming apparatus and a process cartridge for the same
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20030190540A1
    公开(公告)日:2003-10-09
    Providing an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a conductive support and a photoconductive layer disposed on the photoconductive support; wherein the photoconductive layer contains an azo compound expressed by a general formula <<1>>. Ar &Parenopenst;N═N—Cp) n general formula <<1>> (in the general formula <<1>>, Ar expresses one of a substituted or non-substituted aromatic carbon hydride group and heterocyclic ring aromatic series group which can be combined by way of a bond group; Cp expresses a coupler residual group; n expresses an integer of one of 1, 2, 3, and 4; at least one of the Cp is a coupler residual group selected from one of the following general formulae <<2>>, <<3>>, and <<4>>.) 1
    提供一种电照相光导体,包括导电支持和设置在光导支承上的光导层;其中,所述光导层含有一种由下式表示的偶氮化合物。
  • A Biomass-Derived Non-Noble Cobalt Catalyst for Selective Hydrodehalogenation of Alkyl and (Hetero)Aryl Halides
    作者:Basudev Sahoo、Annette-Enrica Surkus、Marga-Martina Pohl、Jörg Radnik、Matthias Schneider、Stephan Bachmann、Michelangelo Scalone、Kathrin Junge、Matthias Beller
    DOI:10.1002/anie.201702478
    日期:2017.9.4
    straightforward approach for detoxifications of harmful anthropogenic organohalide-based pollutants, as well as removal of halide protecting groups used in multistep syntheses. A novel sustainable catalytic material was prepared from biowaste (chitosan) in combination with an earth-abundant cobalt salt. The heterogeneous catalyst was fully characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction,
    加氢脱卤是一种直接的方法,可以对有害的人为有机卤化物进行排毒,并去除多步合成中使用的卤化物保护基。一种新型的可持续催化材料是由生物废料(壳聚糖)与富含地球的盐结合制成的。通过透射电子显微镜,X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱测量对多相催化剂进行了充分表征,并将其成功应用于烷基卤和(杂)芳基卤化物的加氢脱卤,适用范围广(> 40个实例),并且具有出色的化学选择性氢作为还原剂。这种方法的普遍用途通过不可降解农药和阻燃剂的成功排毒得到证明。而且,
  • Method for the preparation of aromatic chloroformates
    申请人:Davis Charles Gary
    公开号:US20060293535A1
    公开(公告)日:2006-12-28
    A method for preparing an aromatic chloroformate comprising, introducing a mixture of at least one aromatic hydroxyl compound, phosgene, at least one solvent, and at least one organic base into a flow reactor to obtain a unidirectionally flowing reaction mixture. The unidirectionally flowing reaction mixture is maintained at a temperature between about 0° C. and about 60° C. to produce a single product stream comprising an aromatic chloroformate.
    一种制备芳香氯甲酸酯的方法包括,将至少一种芳香羟基化合物、光气、至少一种溶剂和至少一种有机碱的混合物引入流动反应器中,以获得单向流动的反应混合物。将单向流动的反应混合物保持在约0°C至约60°C的温度下,以产生包含芳香氯甲酸酯的单一产物流。
  • [EN] PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN EPOXIDE<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE FABRICATION D'UN ÉPOXYDE
    申请人:SOLVAY
    公开号:WO2015091871A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-06-25
    Process for manufacturing an epoxide by reacting at least one chlorohydrin with at least one dehydrochlorinating agent in order to give the epoxide and at least one chlorinated co-product, said process comprising regenerating the dehydrochlorinating agent from the chlorinated co-product by a treatment which does not comprise an electrolysis operation.
    通过至少一种代醇与至少一种脱氢化剂反应来制造环氧树脂的过程,以得到环氧树脂和至少一种化共产品,所述过程包括通过不包含电解操作的处理从化共产品中再生脱氢化剂。
  • Process for producing polycarbonate oligomer and process for producing polycarbonate resin from the same
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20040162439A1
    公开(公告)日:2004-08-19
    A process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate oligomer according to an interfacial polymerization method comprising reacting an aqueous solution of a bisphenol compound and phosgene in the presence of an organic solvent in a reactor, removing reaction heat by cooling, utilizing vaporization latent heat of the organic solvent to be used, cooling vaporized organic solvent through a condenser and returning an exhaust gas from the condenser to the reactor and a process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate resin used the same.
    根据界面聚合法生产芳香族聚碳酸酯寡聚物的过程,包括在反应器中将双化合物的溶液与光气在有机溶剂的存在下进行反应,通过冷却来移除反应热,利用所用有机溶剂的蒸发潜热,通过冷凝器冷却蒸发的有机溶剂,并将冷凝器的排气返回到反应器中,以及使用相同方法生产芳香族聚碳酸树脂的过程。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
查看更多图谱数据,请前往“摩熵化学”平台
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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同类化合物

(βS)-β-氨基-4-(4-羟基苯氧基)-3,5-二碘苯甲丙醇 (S,S)-邻甲苯基-DIPAMP (S)-(-)-7'-〔4(S)-(苄基)恶唑-2-基]-7-二(3,5-二-叔丁基苯基)膦基-2,2',3,3'-四氢-1,1-螺二氢茚 (S)-盐酸沙丁胺醇 (S)-3-(叔丁基)-4-(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)-2,3-二氢苯并[d][1,3]氧磷杂环戊二烯 (S)-2,2'-双[双(3,5-三氟甲基苯基)膦基]-4,4',6,6'-四甲氧基联苯 (S)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-3-[1-(二甲基氨基)-3-甲基丁烷-2-基]硫脲 (R)富马酸托特罗定 (R)-(-)-盐酸尼古地平 (R)-(-)-4,12-双(二苯基膦基)[2.2]对环芳烷(1,5环辛二烯)铑(I)四氟硼酸盐 (R)-(+)-7-双(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)膦基7''-[((6-甲基吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-2,2'',3,3''-四氢-1,1''-螺双茚满 (R)-(+)-7-双(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)膦基7''-[(4-叔丁基吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-2,2'',3,3''-四氢-1,1''-螺双茚满 (R)-(+)-7-双(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)膦基7''-[(3-甲基吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-2,2'',3,3''-四氢-1,1''-螺双茚满 (R)-(+)-4,7-双(3,5-二-叔丁基苯基)膦基-7“-[(吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-2,2”,3,3'-四氢1,1'-螺二茚满 (R)-3-(叔丁基)-4-(2,6-二苯氧基苯基)-2,3-二氢苯并[d][1,3]氧杂磷杂环戊烯 (R)-2-[((二苯基膦基)甲基]吡咯烷 (R)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-3-[1-(二甲基氨基)-3-甲基丁烷-2-基]硫脲 (N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基-3-(1-哌啶基)丙-2-烯酰胺) (5-溴-2-羟基苯基)-4-氯苯甲酮 (5-溴-2-氯苯基)(4-羟基苯基)甲酮 (5-氧代-3-苯基-2,5-二氢-1,2,3,4-oxatriazol-3-鎓) (4S,5R)-4-甲基-5-苯基-1,2,3-氧代噻唑烷-2,2-二氧化物-3-羧酸叔丁酯 (4S,4''S)-2,2''-亚环戊基双[4,5-二氢-4-(苯甲基)恶唑] (4-溴苯基)-[2-氟-4-[6-[甲基(丙-2-烯基)氨基]己氧基]苯基]甲酮 (4-丁氧基苯甲基)三苯基溴化磷 (3aR,8aR)-(-)-4,4,8,8-四(3,5-二甲基苯基)四氢-2,2-二甲基-6-苯基-1,3-二氧戊环[4,5-e]二恶唑磷 (3aR,6aS)-5-氧代六氢环戊基[c]吡咯-2(1H)-羧酸酯 (2Z)-3-[[(4-氯苯基)氨基]-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯 (2S,3S,5S)-5-(叔丁氧基甲酰氨基)-2-(N-5-噻唑基-甲氧羰基)氨基-1,6-二苯基-3-羟基己烷 (2S,2''S,3S,3''S)-3,3''-二叔丁基-4,4''-双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)-2,2'',3,3''-四氢-2,2''-联苯并[d][1,3]氧杂磷杂戊环 (2S)-(-)-2-{[[[[3,5-双(氟代甲基)苯基]氨基]硫代甲基]氨基}-N-(二苯基甲基)-N,3,3-三甲基丁酰胺 (2S)-2-[[[[[((1S,2S)-2-氨基环己基]氨基]硫代甲基]氨基]-N-(二苯甲基)-N,3,3-三甲基丁酰胺 (2S)-2-[[[[[[((1R,2R)-2-氨基环己基]氨基]硫代甲基]氨基]-N-(二苯甲基)-N,3,3-三甲基丁酰胺 (2-硝基苯基)磷酸三酰胺 (2,6-二氯苯基)乙酰氯 (2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基苯基)硼酸 (1S,2S,3S,5S)-5-叠氮基-3-(苯基甲氧基)-2-[(苯基甲氧基)甲基]环戊醇 (1S,2S,3R,5R)-2-(苄氧基)甲基-6-氧杂双环[3.1.0]己-3-醇 (1-(4-氟苯基)环丙基)甲胺盐酸盐 (1-(3-溴苯基)环丁基)甲胺盐酸盐 (1-(2-氯苯基)环丁基)甲胺盐酸盐 (1-(2-氟苯基)环丙基)甲胺盐酸盐 (1-(2,6-二氟苯基)环丙基)甲胺盐酸盐 (-)-去甲基西布曲明 龙蒿油 龙胆酸钠 龙胆酸叔丁酯 龙胆酸 龙胆紫-d6 龙胆紫