Discovery of Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40 Full Agonists Bearing Thiophen-2-ylpropanoic Acid Scaffold
摘要:
The free fatty acid receptor GPR40 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and enhances insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner. Therefore, GPR40 agonists are possible novel insulin secretagogues with reduced or no risk of hypoglycemia for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chemically and structurally diverse GPR40 agonists with high safety are pursued for the clinical development of GPR40-based pharmacotherapeutics. Herein we report our design and discovery of a new chemotype of GPR40 agonists free of the typical phenylpropanoic acid scaffold. The thiophen-2-ylpropanoic acid containing GPR40 modulators functioned as full agonists with high-efficacy response (E-max) and reduced lipophilicity. Significantly, the lead compound in this series, (R)-7k, exhibited more potent in vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and in vivo glucose-lowering effects (10 mg/kg, po) than the GPR40 partial agonist TAK-875, which was once in phase III clinical trials, and high selectivity over the relevant receptors GPR120 and PPAR gamma.
Various practical methods for the selective C−Hfunctionalization of the ortho and recently also of the meta position of an arene have already been developed. Following our recent development of the directing‐group‐assisted para C−Hfunctionalization of toluene derivatives, we herein report the first remote para C−Hfunctionalization of phenol derivatives by using a recyclable silicon‐containing biphenyl‐based
Catalysts for Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling Processes: Scope and Studies of the Effect of Ligand Structure
作者:Timothy E. Barder、Shawn D. Walker、Joseph R. Martinelli、Stephen L. Buchwald
DOI:10.1021/ja042491j
日期:2005.4.1
catalyst levels, to prepare extremely hindered biaryls and to be carried out, in general, for reactions of aryl chlorides at room temperature. Additionally, structural studies of various 1.Pd complexes are presented along with computational data that help elucidate the efficacy that 1 imparts on Suzuki-Miyaura coupling processes. Moreover, a comparison of the reactions with 1 and with 2-(2',4',6'-t
Synthetic method for multifunctionalized oligoarenes using pinacol esters of hydroxyphenylboronic acids
作者:Shunpei Ishikawa、Kei Manabe
DOI:10.1039/b603574d
日期:——
A synthetic method for multifunctionalized oligoarenes using rapid Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of pinacol esters of hydroxyphenylboronic acids and subsequent triflation of the hydroxy group was developed.
Negishi coupling strategy of a repetitive two-step method for oligoarene synthesis
作者:Haruka Shimizu、Kei Manabe
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.048
日期:2006.8
repetitive two-step method for oligoarene synthesis, based on Negishi cross-coupling of zinciophenoxides or zinciopyridinoxides with aryl triflates and subsequent triflation of the hydroxy group, was developed. Reaction conditions were optimized for the preparation of the arylzinc compounds and the palladium-catalyzedcross-coupling step.