Naturally occurring organic acids are reported to be highly efficient promoters of the Beckmann rearrangement. Citric, oxalic, tartaric, malic, succinic, malonic, and fumaric acids efficiently promote the Beckmann rearrangement under solvent-free conditions and thermal and microwave irradiation. Tartaric acid was found to be the best promoter of the Beckmann rearrangement under conventional conditions as well as under microwave irradiation. Compared with conventional heating, microwave irradiation provides higher reaction rate and slightly higher yields.
据报道,天然存在的有机酸被认为是Beckmann重排反应的高效促进剂。柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、丙二酸和富马酸在无溶剂条件下以及热和微波辐射下有效促进了Beckmann重排反应。在常规条件和微波辐射下,酒石酸被发现是Beckmann重排反应的最佳促进剂。与常规加热相比,微波辐射提供更高的反应速率和略微更高的产率。