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铅 | 7439-92-1

中文名称
中文别名
电解铅,铅PB;铅粉;水质铅标样;铅粒;电解铅;铅盘;铅带
英文名称
Lead
英文别名
——
铅化学式
CAS
7439-92-1
化学式
Pb
mdl
——
分子量
207.0
InChiKey
WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    327.4 °C (lit.)
  • 沸点:
    1740 °C (lit.)
  • 密度:
    1.00 g/mL at 20 °C
  • 溶解度:
    可溶于水中
  • 暴露限值:
    TLV-TWA 0.15 mg/m3 as Pb (ACGIH and MSHA), 0.05 mg (Pb)/m3 (OSHA); 10-h TWA 0.1 mg(inorganic lead)/m3 (NIOSH).
  • 物理描述:
    Soft silver-bluish white to gray metal. (NTP, 1992)
  • 颜色/状态:
    Bluish-white, silvery, gray metal. Highly lustrous when freshly cut, tarnishes upon exposure to air. Cubic crystal structure.
  • 气味:
    None
  • 味道:
    Can not taste lead in water
  • 蒸汽压力:
    Vapor pressure (kPa) = 0.133 at 980 °C, 1.33 at 1160 °C, 13.33 at 1420 °C, 26.7 at 1500 °C, 53.3 at 1600 °C; Mohs' hardness = 1.5; latent head of vaporization = 860 J/g; specific heat = 130 J/kg-K; thermal conductivity = 34.7 W/n-K at 28 °C; latent heatof fusion = 25 J/g
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 常温下化学性质稳定,在空气中会变暗且具有延展性。 2. 沸腾时,其蒸气剧毒并易溶于稀硝酸;在碱溶液中能逐渐溶解并形成亚酸盐。可与多种属共熔为合
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /lead/.
  • 粘度:
    Viscosity of molten lead: 3.2 cP at 327.4 °C; 2.32 cP at 400 °C; 1.54 cP at 600 °C; 1.23 cP at 800 °C
  • 腐蚀性:
    Very resistant to corrosion
  • 汽化热:
    206 cal/g at 1740 °C
  • 表面张力:
    442 mN/m at 360 °C

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.38
  • 重原子数:
    1
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
只有1到2%的摄入从胃肠道被吸收,因为它可以形成相当不溶的化合物,甚至在肠道内。酸性条件有利于及其化合物的溶解。
Only 1 to 2% of ingested lead is absorbed from the GI tract because it can form rather insoluble compounds, even within the gut. Acid conditions favor dissolution of lead & its compounds.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
弹或子弹嵌入组织中不会轻易溶解,因为组织的pH值不够低。
... Metallic lead shot or bullets lodged in tissues do not dissolve readily because tissue pH is not low enough.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在这篇论文中,我们测试了一个假设,即早期(Pb)暴露相关的DNA甲基化(5mC)变化取决于儿童的性别,并可以作为暴露的生物标志物。在这项初步研究中,我们测量了来自底特律一个由43名儿童(25名男性和18名女性;年龄从3个月到5岁)组成的队列的干血斑(DBS)提取的DNA的5mC谱。我们发现,暴露对5-mC谱的影响可以分为三种亚型:无论儿童性别如何都保持不变的受影响甲基化位点(保守型);仅男性特有的受影响甲基化位点(男性特有);以及仅女性特有的受影响甲基化位点(女性特有)。...女性的血斑显示出显著高于男性的差异甲基化簇(DMCs)数量。女性依赖的DNA甲基化变化似乎是适应性和保护性的。保守区域在Leptin(LEP)基因的转录起始位点附近显示出DNA甲基化增加,该基因与控制体重有关。Lon-Peptidase 1(LONP1)基因体DNA甲基化的增加是女性特有的适应性修饰,在男性中并未观察到。
In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that early life lead (Pb) exposure associated DNA methylation (5mC) changes are dependent on the sex of the child and can serve as biomarkers for Pb exposure. In this pilot study, we measured the 5mC profiles of DNA extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) in a cohort of 43 children (25 males and 18 females; ages from 3 months to 5 years) from Detroit. We found that the effect of Pb-exposure on the 5-mC profiles can be separated into three subtypes: affected methylation loci which are conserved irrespective of the sex of the child (conserved); affected methylation loci unique to males (male-specific); and affected methylation loci unique to females (female-specific). ... Blood spots from females show significantly higher numbers of differentially methylated clusters (DMCs) than males. Pb-dependent DNA methylation changes in females appear to be adaptive and protective in nature. Conserved regions show increase in DNA methylation around the transcription start site of Leptin (LEP), which is associated with the control of body mass. Increase in gene body DNA methylation of Lon-Peptidase 1 (LONP1) is an adaptive modification seen in females but not in males.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:是一种淡蓝色、色、灰色的属。新鲜切割时具有很高的光泽,但暴露在空气中后会化。大量的用于蓄电池。还用于电缆包覆、管道和弹药。作为吸音和减震材料非常有效,并且用作X光设备和核反应堆周围的辐射防护。人类暴露和毒性:影响儿童发育中的神经系统,并且尚未确定儿童血液中安全的含量平(BLL)。儿童期升高的BLL与多动症、注意力问题、行为问题和认知障碍有关。幼儿由于将手或污染物放入口中,因此面临更高的环境暴露风险。尽管1979年之前的住房中腐烂的漆是儿童暴露的最常见来源,但数据显示,超过或等于30%的BLL升高的儿童是通过非油漆的其他来源暴露的。当尘从工作场所转移到员工的皮肤、衣服、鞋子和其他个人物品,然后到他们的汽车和家中时,就会发生带回家的污染。回收使用过的电子产品(电子废料)是接触的相对较新的来源。通过摄入和吸入尘或烟雾,具有毒性。由于保留子弹导致中毒的案例非常罕见,但可能代表潜在的生命威胁反应;美国几乎所有案例都涉及一颗子弹在几个月到20多年内的溶解。位于关节空间的子弹比软组织中卡住的子弹更有可能引起毒性并发症。管道中焊点的溶解在软或酸性中经常发生,从而对一般人群造成长期慢性暴露。似乎母体乳汁可能是新生儿的源,尤其是当母亲体内平升高时。暴露于与成年人对食物过敏原的致敏几率增加有关,但在儿童中并非如此。动物研究:颗粒在狗和老鼠的眼睛中耐受性良好。兔眼前房中的颗粒被脓性渗出物覆盖,有时通过角膜边缘排出。在兔玻璃体中观察到类似的脓性反应,导致玻璃体收缩和视网膜落。十二只绵羊在整个妊娠期间通过饮食暴露于细粉状(剂量为0.5至16 mg/kg体重),血液平约为0.4 mg/L,未导致死亡。九只动物作为对照组。暴露组(27%流产)的产羔率为18%,未暴露组(无流产)的产羔率为100%。没有报告任何畸形。当实验动物感染广泛的细菌和病毒时,会降低抵抗力并增加死亡率。损害动物的抗体产生,并通常减少产生免疫球的细胞。将粉悬浮在玉米油中,通过胃管给予雄性和雌性老鼠(每月两次,每次10 mg,持续12个月)。对照组老鼠按照相同的计划通过胃管给予玉米油。在47只接受处理的鼠中发现了1个淋巴瘤和4个白血病;这与29只对照组中3个淋巴瘤的发生率没有显著差异。生态毒性研究:摄入子弹碎片是鹰类的严重环境危害。除非以粉末形式给予极高剂量,否则对鸟类不具有毒性。当作为弹给予时,对鸟类具有高度毒性。对巢居的小隼进行了研究,从孵化后的前10天每天进行口服插管。在给予的组中观察到了高死亡率,剂量为525 mg/kg,在125 mg/kg时观察到生长减少,在25 mg/kg时观察到生理变化。在用弹长期中毒的鹅中,在出现任何心电图异常之前,心肌中就会出现微观退行性病变。病变包括上消化道植物材料的堵塞、消瘦、胆囊扩张、心脏松弛出血、肝脏变色易碎和肠炎。给鸭场弹的病变包括破坏腺胃上皮、骨髓腔骨细胞和胸肌细胞。肾近曲小管含有核内包涵体。鸭场还可能发展脑病和周围神经病。来自污染区的鹿在睾丸实质、附睾尾和精子中的平更高,顶体完整性较低,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性较高,DNA碎片化和可染性值较高。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lead is a bluish-white, silvery, gray metal. It is highly lustrous when freshly cut, but tarnishes upon exposure to air. Great quantities of lead are used in storage batteries. Lead is also used for cable covering, plumbing and ammunition. Lead is very effective as a sound and vibration absorber, and it is used as a radiation shield around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Lead affects the developing nervous system of children, and no safe blood lead level (BLL) in children has been identified. Elevated BLLs in childhood are associated with hyperactivity, attention problems, conduct problems, and impairment in cognition. Young children are at higher risk for environmental lead exposure from putting their hands or contaminated objects in their mouth. Although deteriorating lead paint in pre-1979 housing is the most common source of lead exposure in children, data indicate that > or =30% of children with elevated BLLs were exposed through a source other than paint. Take-home contamination occurs when lead dust is transferred from the workplace on employees' skin, clothing, shoes, and other personal items to their car and home. Recycling of used electronics (e-scrap) is a relatively recent source of exposure to lead. Lead is toxic by ingestion and inhalation of dust or fume. Cases of lead poisoning due to retained bullets are reported only rarely but represent potentially life-threatening reactions; almost all cases in USA have involved the dissolution of a single bullet over several months to more than 20 years. Bullets in joint spaces are more likely to cause toxic complications than are bullets lodged in soft tissues. Dissolution of lead from lead soldered joints in water pipes frequently occurs where water is soft or acidic. Thereby contributing to long-term chronic exposure to the general population. It appears that maternal milk might be a source of lead for the neonates, particularly when metal levels are elevated in the mother. Exposure to lead was associated with increased odds of sensitization to food allergens in adult but not in children. ANIMAL STUDIES: Lead particles have been well tolerated in the eyes of dogs and rats. Lead particles in the anterior chamber in rabbits became coated with purulent exudate and sometimes were extruded through the cornea at the limbus. In the vitreous humor in rabbits a similar purulent reaction was observed, causing the vitreous to shrink and the retina to separate. Twelve sheep were exposed to finely powdered metallic lead in their diet (doses, 0.5 to 16 mg/kg bw) during entire pregnancy; blood levels were about 0.4 mg/L, without resulting in death. Nine animals served as controls. Rate of lambing was 18% in exposed (27% abortions) and 100% in unexposed sheep (no abortions). No malformations were reported. Lead reduces resistance and increases mortality of experimental animals when infected with a broad range of bacterial and viral agents. Lead impairs antibody production in animals and generally decreases immunoglobin-producing cells. Lead powder suspended in corn oil was administered to male and female rats by stomach tube (10 mg twice/mo for 12 mo). Control rats were given corn oil by stomach tube according to same schedule. One lymphoma and 4 leukemias were found in 5/47 lead-treated rats; this did not differ significantly from the incidence of 3 lymphomas in 29 controls. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Lead exposure from ingestion of bullet fragments is a serious environmental hazard to eagles. Metallic lead is not toxic to birds except at very high dosage when administered in the form of powder. It is highly toxic to birds when given as lead shot. Studies have been conducted with nestling kestrels in which oral intubations were administered daily for the first 10 days post-hatching. A high mortality from metallic lead was observed with 525 mg/kg, reduced growth was observed with 125 mg/kg, and altered physiology was observed with 25 mg/kg. In geese chronically poisoned with lead shot, microscopic degenerative lesions appear in the myocardium before any ECG abnormalities are manifested. Lesions include upper GI impaction with plant materials, emaciation, distended gallbladder, flabby hemorrhagic heart, discolored friable liver, and enteritis. Lesions in mallard ducks given lead shot include destruction of proventricular epithelium, bone medullary osteocytes, and pectoral muscle cells. Renal proximal tubules contain intranuclear inclusions. Mallard ducks also may develop encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Deer from the lead-polluted area showed higher lead levels in testis parenchyma, epididymal cauda and spermatozoa, lower values of acrosome integrity, higher activity of glutathione peroxidase and higher values of DNA fragmentation and stainability in sperm.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
分类:B2;可能的人类致癌物。分类依据:足够的动物证据。十项大鼠生物测试和一项小鼠测试显示,在饮食和皮下接触多种可溶性盐后,肾肿瘤统计学上显著增加。动物测试在多个实验室、多种大鼠品系中提供了可重复的结果,并有部分多肿瘤位点的证据。短期研究表明影响基因表达。人类致癌性数据不足。人类致癌性数据:不足。动物致癌性数据:足够。/基于以前分类系统的和化合物(无机)/
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Sufficient animal evidence. Ten rat bioassays and one mouse assay have shown statisticlly significant increases in renal tumors with dietary and subcutaneous exposure to several soluble lead salts. Animal assays provide reproducible results in several laboratories, in multiple rat strains with some evidence of multiple tumor sites. Short term studies show that lead affects gene expression. Human evidence is inadequate. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. /Lead and Compounds (inorganic), Based on former classification system/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A3;已确认对动物有致癌性,但对人类的相关性未知。/的无机化合物,如/
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Lead and and inorganic compounds, as Pb/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
化合物基于有限的人类致癌性研究和充分的实验动物致癌性研究,合理预期为人类致癌物。
Lead and lead compounds are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. /Lead and Lead compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Lead
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
/MILK/ 看起来,母体乳汁可能是新生儿的来源,尤其是当母亲体内的平升高时。
/MILK/ It appears that maternal milk might be a source of lead for the neonates, particularly when metal levels are elevated in the mother.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
两名人类志愿者静脉注射了(212)Pb。在最初的24小时内,粪便中没有,而尿液中包含了剂量的4.42%。然而,第二个24小时的数据分别是1.5%和1.42%,这表明粪便途径可能和尿液途径一样,对总排泄量有同样的贡献。
... Two human volunteers were given (212)Pb intravenously. There was no lead in the feces during the first 24 hr, whereas the urine contained 4.42% of the dose. The figures for the second 24 hr, however, were 1.5% and 1.42%, respectively, which indicates that the fecal route may contribute as much as the urinary one to total excretion.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
最近关于在血脑屏障传输的研究表明,血脑屏障对具有很高的渗透性。进入大脑的净流入似乎依赖于两种在相反方向上运作的传输机制。在大脑内皮细胞中的快速流入可能通过涉及化物种类的被动传输机制发生,而在相反方向上的流出,即回流到毛细血管腔内,可能是通过一种依赖于Ca2+ - ATP的主动机制。
Recent studies on lead transport at the blood-brain barrier suggest that the blood-brain barrier is highly permeable to lead. The net influx of lead into the brain seems dependent upon two transport mechanisms that operate in opposite directions. A rapid influx of lead at the brain endothelium may occur by a passive transport mechanism involving a lead oxide species, whereas the outflow in the opposite direction that transports lead back into the capillary lumen may be via an active Ca2+ - ATP-dependent mechanism.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在动物中,组织和饮食浓度之间存在正相关关系,尽管组织浓度几乎总是较低。在动物体内的分布与代谢密切相关。弹通常被困在鸟类的砂囊中,在那里它被慢慢磨碎,导致的释放。的四价有机形态通常比二价无机形态更有毒,其在生物体内的分布可能并不特定地遵循代谢。
In animals, there is a positive correlation between tissue and dietary lead concentrations, although tissue concentrations are almost always lower. The distribution of lead within animals is closely associated with calcium metabolism. Lead shot is typically trapped in the gizzard of birds where it is slowly ground down resulting in the release of lead. The tetravalent organic form of lead is generally more toxic than the divalent inorganic form, and its distribution in organisms may not specifically follow calcium metabolism.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    D
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: (8-hour) 0.050 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL also applies to other lead compounds (as Pb) -- see Appendix C.]
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    8
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    100 mg Pb/m3
  • 危险品标志:
    T
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S36,S36/37,S45,S53,S61
  • 危险类别码:
    R61,R33,R20/22,R50/53,R62
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    78011000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3082 9/PG 3
  • RTECS号:
    OF7525000
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 危险类别:
    8
  • 危险标志:
    GHS07,GHS08,GHS09
  • 危险性描述:
    H302 + H332,H351,H360Df,H373,H410
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P201,P261,P273,P304 + P340 + P312,P308 + P313,P391
  • 储存条件:
    应存放在清洁、干燥且无酸碱性气体的库房内。在运输过程中,应注意防雨、防水,并避免剧烈碰撞。

SDS

SDS:049dcc7466767d101a2401259ee28b70
查看
第一部分:化学品名称
化学品中文名称:
化学英文名称 Lead;Lead flake
中文俗名或商品名:
Synonyms:
CAS No.: 7439-92-1
分子式: Pb
分子量: 207.2
第二部分:成分/组成信息
化学品 混合物
化学品名称:
有害物成分 含量 CAS No.
第三部分:危险性概述
危险性类别:
侵入途径: 吸入 食入
健康危害: 损害造血、神经、消化系统及肾脏。职业中毒主要为慢性。神经系统主要表现为神经衰弱综合征、周围神经病(以运动功能受累较明显),重者出现中毒性脑病。消化系统表现有齿龈线、食欲不振、恶心、腹胀、腹泻或便秘,腹绞痛见于中等及较重病例。造血系统损害出现卟啉代谢障碍、贫血等。短时接触大剂量可发生急性或亚急性中毒,表现类似重症慢性中毒。
环境危害: 对环境有严重危害,对体、土壤和大气可造成污染。
燃爆危险: 本品可燃。
第四部分:急救措施
皮肤接触: 去污染的衣着,用肥皂及流动清彻底冲洗。
眼睛接触: 立即翻开上下眼睑,用流动清或生理盐冲洗。就医。
吸入: 迅速离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。呼吸困难时给输。呼吸停止时,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入: 给饮足量温,催吐,就医。
第五部分:消防措施
危险特性: 粉体在受热、遇明火或接触化剂时会引起燃烧爆炸。
有害燃烧产物: 氧化铅
灭火方法及灭火剂: 干粉、砂土。
消防员的个体防护: 消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服,在上风向灭火。
禁止使用的灭火剂:
闪点(℃): 无资料
自燃温度(℃): 引燃温度(℃):790(粉)
爆炸下限[%(V/V)]: 无资料
爆炸上限[%(V/V)]: 无资料
最小点火能(mJ):
爆燃点:
爆速:
最大燃爆压力(MPa):
建规火险分级:
第六部分:泄漏应急处理
应急处理: 切断火源。戴好防毒面具,穿一般消防防护服。用洁净的铲子收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中,用泥、沥青或适当的热塑性材料固化处理再废弃。如大量泄漏,收集回收或无害处理后废弃。
第七部分:操作处置与储存
操作注意事项: 操作人员必须经过专门培训,严格遵守操作规程。建议操作人员佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩,戴化学安全防护眼镜,穿防毒物渗透工作服,戴乳胶手套。远离火种、热源,工作场所严禁吸烟。使用防爆型的通风系统和设备。避免产生粉尘。避免与酸类接触。搬运时要轻装轻卸,防止包装及容器损坏。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材及泄漏应急处理设备。倒空的容器可能残留有害物。
储存注意事项: 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。应与酸类分开存放,切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。
第八部分:接触控制/个体防护
最高容许浓度: 中 国 MAC:0.03mg/m3[烟] 0.05mg/m3[尘] 前苏联MAC:0.01
监测方法:
工程控制: 一般不需特殊防护,但需防止烟尘危害。
呼吸系统防护: 作业工人应该佩戴防尘口罩。
眼睛防护: 必要时可采用安全面罩。
身体防护: 穿工作服。
手防护: 必要时戴防护手套。
其他防护: 工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮。工作后,淋浴更衣。实行就业前和定期的体检。保持良好的卫生习惯。
第九部分:理化特性
外观与性状: 灰白色质软的粉末,切削面有光泽,延性弱,展性强。
pH:
熔点(℃): 327
沸点(℃): 1620
相对密度(=1): 11.34(20℃)
相对蒸气密度(空气=1):
饱和蒸气压(kPa): 0.13(970℃)
燃烧热(kJ/mol):
临界温度(℃):
临界压力(MPa): 最大爆炸压力(102kPa):0.2,最大爆炸压力上升速率(100
辛醇/分配系数的对数值:
闪点(℃): 无资料
引燃温度(℃): 引燃温度(℃):790(粉)
爆炸上限%(V/V): 无资料
爆炸下限%(V/V): 无资料
分子式: Pb
分子量: 207.2
蒸发速率:
粘性:
溶解性: 不溶于,溶于硝酸、热浓硫酸、碱液,不溶于稀盐酸
主要用途: 主要用作电缆、蓄电池、冶炼、废杂冶炼、印刷、焊等。
第十部分:稳定性和反应活性
稳定性: 在常温常压下 稳定
禁配物: 强酸。
避免接触的条件:
聚合危害: 不能出现
分解产物: 氧化铅
第十一部分:毒理学资料
急性毒性:
急性中毒:
慢性中毒:
亚急性和慢性毒性:
刺激性:
致敏性:
致突变性:
致畸性:
致癌性:
第十二部分:生态学资料
生态毒理毒性: 中浓度 0.1mg/L时,体的生化自净能力受抑制,浓度 1mg/L时,使BOD5降低 23%。
生物降解性:
生物降解性:
生物富集或生物积累性:
第十三部分:废弃处置
废弃物性质:
废弃处置方法:
废弃注意事项:
第十四部分:运输信息
危险货物编号:
UN编号:
包装标志:
包装类别:
包装方法:
运输注意事项: 储存于阴凉、通风仓间内。远离火种、热源。保持容器密封。应与化剂、酸类分开存放。搬运时要轻装轻卸,防止包装及容器损坏。起运时包装要完整,装载应稳妥。运输过程中要确保容器不泄漏、不倒塌、不坠落、不损坏。严禁与酸类等混装混运。运输途中应防曝晒、雨淋,防高温。
RETCS号:
IMDG规则页码:
第十五部分:法规信息
国内化学品安全管理法规: 化学危险物品安全管理条例 (1987年2月17日国务院发布),化学危险物品安全管理条例实施细则 (化劳发[1992] 677号),工作场所安全使用化学品规定 ([1996]劳部发423号)等法规,针对化学危险品的安全使用、生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应规定;大气中及其无机化合物的卫生标准(GB 7355-87),规定了车间空气中该物质的最高容许浓度及检测方法。
国际化学品安全管理法规:
第十六部分:其他信息
参考文献: 1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
填表时间: 年月日
填表部门:
数据审核单位:
修改说明:
其他信息: 4
MSDS修改日期: 年月日

制备方法与用途

根据上述信息,关于的性质、用途和生产方法,可以总结以下几点:

化学性质:
  • 是一种带蓝灰色、有属光泽的软属(面心立方结构)。
  • 熔点为327.5℃,沸点1740℃。
  • 相对密度d^18为11.3437。
  • 溶于硝酸和热浓硫酸,不溶于
用途: 生产方法:
  • 电解法:以1号锭为原料,采用贝特(Bett)炼法,使用氟硅酸作为电解浴。
  • 精炼条件包括:电解液组成含80~100 g/L、氟硅酸90~140 g/L;电解液温度34~40℃;槽电压0.6~0.7 V;电流密度0.98~2 A/cm²。
  • 经过这样的精炼后,可以制得99.999%的高纯。进一步提纯可得到99.9999%的高纯
特性与安全:
  • 是毒性物质,尤其对儿童更为敏感。
  • 主要通过吸入、摄入和皮肤吸收等方式进入人体,对人体有害。
  • 其职业暴露限值(TWA)为0.1毫克/立方米,短期接触限值(STEL)为0.3毫克/立方米。
处理与储存: