铋 | 7440-69-9

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 单质
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 均相金属化合物 - 均相后过渡金属化合物
• 中文名称: 铋
• 中文别名: 铋粒；铋粉；铋,粒状；铋锭
• 英文名称: Bismuth
• CAS: 7440-69-9
• 化学式: Bi
• 分子量: 208.9804
• InChiKey: JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  271 °C (lit.)
• 沸点：
  1560 °C (lit.)
• 密度：
  9.8 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• 溶解度：
  溶于酸溶液
• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppmOSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
• 物理描述：
  DryPowder; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals, OtherSolid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
• 颜色/状态：
  Gray white soft metal
• 蒸汽压力：
  78 mm Hg at 1266 °C; 7.8 mm at 1053 °C; 0.78 mm Hg at 893 °C
• 稳定性/保质期：
  在常温下稳定，加热时会呈现淡蓝色火焰并燃烧，生成黄色或褐色的氧化铋。熔融金属冷却后体积会增大。应避免与氧化物、卤素、酸以及卤化物接触。
• 汽化热：
  178,632 J/mol

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.38
• 重原子数：
  1
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

毒理性

• 副作用

神经毒素 - 其他中枢神经系统神经毒素 职业性肝毒素 - 继发性肝毒素：在职业环境中潜在的有毒效应是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。 肾毒素 - 该化学物质在职业环境中可能对肾脏有毒。

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

...长期吸入铋尘可能会导致精神变化、神经紧张、血液变化、淋巴细胞增多和骨髓抑制。

...THERE MAY BE MENTAL CHANGES, NERVOUSNESS, BLOOD CHANGES, LYMPHOCYTOSIS & BONE MARROW DEPRESSION FOLLOWING PROLONGED INHALATION OF BISMUTH DUST.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

铋色素已在结肠、阴道和皮肤中发现。

Bismuth pigmentation has been found in the colon, vagina, and the skin.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

静脉注射元素铋（0.50毫克/千克）导致血压和心率略有下降。更高剂量（1.8毫克/千克）导致心脏传导阻滞，并且心脏的所有基本功能受到影响，包括兴奋性、传导性和收缩性。

IV INJECTION OF ELEMENTAL BISMUTH (0.50 MG/KG) CAUSED A SLIGHT DECREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE & HEART RATE. HIGHER DOSES (1.8 MG/KG) RESULTED IN HEART BLOCK, & ALL FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART WERE AFFECTED, INCLUDING EXCITABILITY, CONDUCTIVITY & CONTRACTILITY.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 危险品标志：
  F
• 安全说明：
  S16,S26,S36/37/39,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R11
• WGK Germany：
  1
• 海关编码：
  8106009090
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3264 8/PG 3
• 危险类别：
  8
• RTECS号：
  EB2600000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险标志：
  GHS02
• 危险性描述：
  H228
• 危险性防范说明：
  P210,P370 + P378

SDS

---

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
Product identifiers
Product name : Bismuth
REACH No. : A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance
or its uses are exempted from registration, the annual tonnage does not
require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later
registration deadline.
CAS-No. : 7440-69-9
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances

---

SECTION 2: Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
This substance is not classified as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC.
Label elements
The product does not need to be labelled in accordance with EC directives or respective national laws.
Other hazards - none

---

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
Substances
Formula : Bi
Molecular Weight : 208,98 g/mol
CAS-No. : 7440-69-9
EC-No. : 231-177-4
No components need to be disclosed according to the applicable regulations.

---

SECTION 4: First aid measures
Description of first aid measures
If inhaled
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
In case of skin contact
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
In case of eye contact
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
If swallowed
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2) and/or in
section 11
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
no data available

---

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Bismuth oxides
Advice for firefighters
Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
Further information
no data available

---

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
For personal protection see section 8.
Environmental precautions
No special environmental precautions required.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Reference to other sections
For disposal see section 13.

---

SECTION 7: Handling and storage
Precautions for safe handling
Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.
For precautions see section 2.2.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Specific end use(s)
Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated

---

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
Control parameters
Components with workplace control parameters
Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering controls
General industrial hygiene practice.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards
such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection
Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique
(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of
contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and
the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, Size M)
data source: KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell, phone [phone], test method: EN374
If used in solution, or mixed with other substances, and under conditions which differ from EN 374,
contact the supplier of the CE approved gloves. This recommendation is advisory only and must
be evaluated by an industrial hygienist and safety officer familiar with the specific situation of
anticipated use by our customers. It should not be construed as offering an approval for any
specific use scenario.
Body Protection
Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous
substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protective equipment must be selected
according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection
Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired,
use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and
approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
No special environmental precautions required.

---

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
a) Appearance Form: granular
Colour: light grey
b) Odour odourless
c) Odour Threshold no data available
d) pH no data available
e) Melting point/freezing Melting point/range: 271 °C
point Melting point/range: 272 °C
f) Initial boiling point and 1.560 °C
boiling range
g) Flash point no data available
h) Evapouration rate no data available
i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available
j) Upper/lower no data available
flammability or
explosive limits
k) Vapour pressure < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
l) Vapour density no data available
m) Relative density 9,8 g/mL at 25 °C
n) Water solubility insoluble
o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available
octanol/water
p) Auto-ignition no data available
temperature
q) Decomposition no data available
temperature
r) Viscosity no data available
s) Explosive properties no data available
t) Oxidizing properties no data available
Other safety information
no data available

---

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
Reactivity
no data available
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
no data available
Conditions to avoid
no data available
Incompatible materials
Oxidizing agents, Halogens, acids
Hazardous decomposition products
Other decomposition products - no data available
In the event of fire: see section 5

---

SECTION 11: Toxicological information
Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity
LD50 Oral - rat - male and female - 2.000 mg/kg
(OECD Test Guideline 401)
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitisation
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as
probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
Reproductive toxicity
no data available
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
no data available
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
no data available
Aspiration hazard
no data available
Additional Information
Repeated dose toxicity - rat - male and female - Gavage - No observed adverse effect level - 1.000 mg/kg
RTECS: EB2600000
Kidney disorders, Liver disorders, Dermatitis

---

SECTION 12: Ecological information
Toxicity
Toxicity to daphnia and static test EC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - > 100 mg/l - 48 h
other aquatic (OECD Test Guideline 202)
invertebrates
Persistence and degradability
no data available
Bioaccumulative potential
no data available
Mobility in soil
no data available
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not conducted
Other adverse effects
no data available

---

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
Waste treatment methods
Product
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contaminated packaging
Dispose of as unused product.

---

SECTION 14: Transport information
UN number
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
UN proper shipping name
ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods
IMDG: Not dangerous goods
IATA: Not dangerous goods
Transport hazard class(es)
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
Packaging group
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
Environmental hazards
ADR/RID: no IMDG Marine pollutant: no IATA: no
Special precautions for user
no data available

---

---

SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
N/A

---

SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

简介

铋的分子式为Bi，是一种浅灰色的有色金属粉末。其应用非常广泛，主要用于制取铋制品、铋合金和铋的化合物。

理化性质与活性 自燃性与化学反应

铋粉能在氯气中自燃，并在加热时与溴、碘、硫及硒直接化合生成三价化合物。它不溶于稀盐酸和稀硫酸，但可溶于硝酸和浓硫酸，形成三价铋盐。

历史发现与自然分布

1753年，英吉甫鲁匠瓦发现了铋。自然界中存在游离态及化合态两种形式，主要矿物有辉铋矿、铋华等。地壳中的丰度为2.0×10-5%。主要用于制备低熔点合金（熔点在45℃以上至100℃以下），应用于消防和电气工业，如自动灭火装置与保险丝及焊锡。也用于活字合金、医药等领域。

生产方法

一种超细铋粉的生产流程如下：

1. 配制氯化铋溶液：取密度为1.4g/cm3的氯化铋原液，并加入含6%盐酸的酸化纯水溶液，两者体积比为1:2。
2. 合成：向已配制好的氯化铋溶液中添加清洗干净的锌锭，开始进行置换反应。观察反应终点时气泡冒出，取出未溶解的锌锭并沉淀4小时。
3. 分离铋粉：从步骤2的沉淀物上层清液中回收锌，并用含6%盐酸的酸化纯水溶液洗涤8遍后，再用纯净水漂洗至中性。使用离心机迅速脱干，然后浸泡在无水乙醇中并甩干。
4. 干燥：将步骤3处理后的铋粉置于温度为60±1℃的真空干燥器内烘干，获得-300目的铋粉成品。

标准溶液

铋标准溶液常用于仪器校准和分析方法的确认与评估。可通过逐级稀释配制成多种工作用标准溶液，适用于测量过程的质量控制。

化学性质

银白色或微红色金属，具金属光泽，硬度较高且脆。熔点为271.3℃，沸点约为1560±5℃，相对密度为9.80。可溶于热硫酸、硝酸及王水，并缓慢溶解在热盐酸中，不溶于水。常温下稳定，在加热时会发出淡蓝色火焰并生成黄色或褐色氧化铋。熔融金属冷却后体积增大。

用途

• 半导体高纯材料和高纯铋化合物的制备
• 原子反应堆冷却剂
• 分析试剂及原子反应堆冷却剂
• 制低熔点合金、核反应堆冷却剂、铋汞齐及铋盐等
• 高纯铋化合物的制备

生产方法

以金属铋为原料，通过区域精融法获得高纯度铋成品。

物理特性与安全信息

• 类别：易燃固体
• 毒性分级：高毒
• 急性毒性：无名—人 LDL0: 221毫克/公斤
• 可燃性危险性质：遇明火易燃烧，与酸或酸雾反应释放有毒烟气
• 储运特性：库房通风、低温干燥存储，并与其他原料分开存放
• 灭火剂：干粉、砂土、二氧化碳及雾状水

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  铋 、 2,4-二羟基苯甲酸 反应 20.0h， 生成 Bis[(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]bismuthanyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Compositions modifying ballistic properties and propellants containing

  摘要：

  本发明涉及修改固体推进剂的弹道特性的组合物领域，以及含有这些组合物的双基固体推进剂领域。已知各种铅化合物在此功能上非常有效，但这些化合物有毒；本发明解决的问题是用无毒化合物替换这些铅化合物，而且不会影响其他性质和推进剂的性能值。这些修改化合物从羟基苯甲酸酯组成的β-酰氧基和γ-酰氧基中选择。本发明还涉及一些这些产品的合成过程。最后，涉及含有这些化合物的双基固体推进剂。

  公开号：

  US05639987A1
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  硫酸酯 、 Sulfamate 、 柠檬酸 、 镍,[碳酸(2-)-κO]- 、 氯化镍 、 氯化镍,六水合物 、 nickel(II) sulphate 、 、 氨基磺酸 、 铟 、 sodium bismuthate 在 硫酸酯 、 Sulfamate 、 铋 、 盐酸 、 水 作用下， 以 水 、 盐酸 为溶剂， 生成 Nickel indium bismuth sulfate 、 Indium bismuth sulfamate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Novel nickel/indium/other metal alloy for use in the manufacture of

  摘要：

  本发明涉及电子设备，其中电气接触面积被电镀上镍/铟/其他金属合金。

  公开号：

  US04785137A1

文献信息

• Process for producing gluconic acid
  申请人：Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04843173A1

  公开（公告）日：1989-06-27

  Gluconic acid is produced by oxidizing glucose with an oxygen-containing gas in an aqueous alkali solution in the presence of a palladium-bismuth/carbon catalyst which has adsorbed firstly bismuth and secondly palladium. The catalyst has an improved activity, selectivity and durability.

  葡萄糖酸是通过在含氧气体的碱性水溶液中，在钯铋/碳催化剂的存在下氧化葡萄糖而产生的，该催化剂首先吸附铋，其次吸附钯。该催化剂具有更好的活性、选择性和耐久性。
• Synthesis of metal 2-ethylhexanoates
  申请人：——

  公开号：US06033551A1

  公开（公告）日：2000-03-07

  A process for synthesizing metal 2-ethylhexanoates includes reaction of metals with a reaction mixture including a carboxylic acid, a low weight aliphatic alcohol, and an electroconductive additive under the action of electric current in an elecrolyzer. In the electrolyzer, an ion exchange membrane divides respective anode and cathode compartments. The metal is introduced in the form of an anode, and is preferably lead or bismuth. The carboxylate is preferably 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The electroconductive additive is preferably a salt of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and an alkali metal or ammonium cation.

  一种合成金属2-乙基己酸酯的过程，包括将金属与反应混合物反应，该反应混合物包括羧酸、低分子量脂肪醇和电导添加剂，在电解槽中在电流的作用下进行反应。在电解槽中，离子交换膜分隔了阴极和阳极的各自区域。金属以阳极的形式引入，最好是铅或铋。羧酸酯最好是2-乙基己酸。电导添加剂最好是2-乙基己酸盐和碱金属或铵阳离子的盐。
• Process for the preparation of formylimidazoles
  申请人：Lonza AG

  公开号：US06040457A1

  公开（公告）日：2000-03-21

  A process for the catalytic conversion of hydroxymethylimidazoles to formylimidazoles. The catalysis takes place in the presence of a peroxide. Formylimidazoles are important intermediates for pharmaceutical active ingredients.

  一种用于催化将羟甲基咪唑转化为甲酰咪唑的过程。在过程中存在过氧化物的催化作用。甲酰咪唑是制备药物活性成分的重要中间体。
• Process for producing penicillanic acid compound
  申请人：Tokumaru Yoshihisa

  公开号：US20060281917A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-12-14

  A process for preparing a penicillanic acid compound of the formula (2) comprising reacting a halogenated penicillanic acid compound of the formula (1), (a) in the presence of a metal bismuth or bismuth compound, (b) with a metal having a lower standard oxidation-reduction potential than bismuth to obtain the compound (2) (X and Y are a hydrogen atom or halogen atom, provided that X and Y are not hydrogen atoms at the same time, n is an integer of 0 to 2, R is carboxylic acid protecting group) (n and R are same as above).

  一种制备式(2)青霉烷酸化合物的方法，包括在金属铋或铋化合物的存在下，将式(1)的卤代青霉烷酸化合物与比铋标准氧化还原电位低的金属反应，以获得化合物(2)(其中X和Y是氢原子或卤素原子，但不能同时为氢原子，n为0到2的整数，R为羧酸保护基)（n和R同上）。
• Precursors For GST Films In ALD/CVD Processes
  申请人：AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

  公开号：US20150140790A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-05-21

  The present invention is a process of making a germanium-antimony-tellurium alloy (GST) or germanium-bismuth-tellurium (GBT) film using a process selected from the group consisting of atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition, wherein a silylantimony precursor is used as a source of antimony for the alloy film. The invention is also related to making antimony alloy with other elements using a process selected from the group consisting of atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition, wherein a silylantimony or silylbismuth precursor is used as a source of antimony or bismuth.

  本发明涉及一种使用原子层沉积或化学气相沉积中的一种工艺制备锗锑碲合金（GST）或锗铋碲（GBT）薄膜的方法，其中使用硅基锑前体作为合金薄膜中锑的来源。本发明还涉及使用从组中选择的原子层沉积或化学气相沉积中的一种工艺制备含锑或铋的合金，其中使用硅基锑或硅基铋前体作为锑或铋的来源。

表征谱图