道路沥青

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 道路沥青
• 中文别名: 松香甘油酯；酯胶(食品级)；石油沥青；沥青；138松香甘油酯；松香甘油酯142；妥尔油松香；松香甘油酯140
• 英文名称: H-Ala-Ser-Pro-His-Ala-Leu-Thr-OH
• 英文别名: (2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
• 化学式: C₃₀H₄₉N₉O₁₀
• 分子量: 695.8
• InChiKey: CZLBSWFFMPNUGR-JKIYSSMMSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.8
• 重原子数：
  49
• 可旋转键数：
  18
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.67
• 拓扑面积：
  298
• 氢给体数：
  10
• 氢受体数：
  12

ADMET

代谢

... 含有超过16个碳原子的烃类气溶胶被小鼠的肝脏和肺部吸收。这些长链脂肪族化合物可能通过细胞色素P450氧化酶进行氧化代谢。具有5到8个碳原子的脂肪族烃可能被氧化成多种醇、酮和羧酸衍生物。具有9-16个碳原子的脂肪族烃通过细胞色素P450同种物氧化代谢为脂肪酸和醇。证据表明，这些烃的代谢可能相当缓慢......一般来说，/多环芳烃/ PAHs的氧化代谢涉及双键的环氧化，这一反应由细胞色素P450依赖的单加氧酶催化，环氧化物的重排或水合分别产生酚或二醇，以及羟基化衍生物与谷胱甘肽、硫酸或葡萄糖醛酸的共轭。然而，在某些情况下，羟基甲基衍生物的自由基阳离子和硫酸酯也可能很重要...

... Aerosols of hydrocarbons with more than 16 carbons were absorbed in liver and lungs of mice. These long-chain aliphatic compounds may be oxidatively metabolized via cytochrome P450 oxidases. Aliphatic hydrocarbons with between five and eight carbons may be oxidized to several alcohol, ketone, and carboxylic acid derivatives. Aliphatic hydrocarbons with 9-16 carbons are oxidatively metabolized via cytochrome P450 isozymes to fatty acids and alcohols. Evidence indicates that metabolism of these hydrocarbons may be quite slow... In general, the oxidative metabolism of /polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/ PAHs involves epoxidation of double bonds, a reaction catalysed by cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenases, rearrangement or hydration of the epoxides to yield phenols or diols, respectively, and conjugation of the hydroxylated derivatives with glutathione, sulfate, or glucuronic acid. However, in certain cases, radical cations and sulfate esters of hydroxymethyl derivatives may also be important...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

沥青单独对人类是否致癌的证据不足。有充分的证据表明，在实验动物中，蒸汽精炼沥青、空气精炼沥青以及蒸汽和空气精炼沥青的混合物的提取物具有致癌性。对于未稀释的空气精炼沥青在实验动物中的致癌性证据不足。有限证据表明，未稀释的蒸汽精炼沥青和裂解残留沥青在实验动物中具有致癌性。/沥青/

There is inadequate evidence that bitumens alone are carcinogenic to humans. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of extracts of steam-refined bitumens, air-refined bitumens and pooled mixtures of steam- and air-refined bitumens in experimental animals. There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of undiluted air-refined bitumens in experimental animals. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of undiluted steam-refined bitumens and for cracking-residue bitumens in experimental animals. /Bitumens/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4；不可分类为人类致癌物。/沥青（柏油）烟雾，作为苯溶性气溶胶/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Asphalt (Bitumen) fume, as benzene-soluble aerosol/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构致癌物：沥青，职业暴露于直馏沥青及其在道路铺设过程中的排放

IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Bitumens, occupational exposure to straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road paving

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：2B组：可能对人类致癌

IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构专著：第103卷：（2013年）沥青及其排放物，以及一些N-和S-杂环芳香烃

IARC Monographs:Volume 103: (2013) Bitumens and Bitumen Emissions, and some N- and S-Heterocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

吸收、分配和排泄

混合物不适合进行动力学分析。由于沥青是一种复杂的混合物，其药代动力学模式将取决于各个组分的性质和相互作用……长链脂肪烃是沥青的主要组成部分；吸收途径包括吸入、摄入和皮肤吸收。数据显示，在大鼠吸入后，含有9-16个碳的烃类被吸收进入血液、大脑、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪中。含有超过16个碳的烃类气溶胶在小鼠的肝脏和肺中被吸收……一般来说，这些化合物通过尿液和粪便缓慢排出。人类吸收多环芳烃（PAHs）的主要途径是通过吸入含PAH的气溶胶或固体PAH吸附的颗粒物后的肺和呼吸道；摄入被污染的食物或水后的胃肠道；以及与含PAH材料接触后的皮肤……已经在啮齿类动物中研究了PAH的全身体分布。这些研究表明，几乎所有内脏器官中都存在可检测水平的PAHs，而且富含脂肪组织的器官可以作为储存库，PAHs通常从这些储存库中释放。一般来说，这些化合物通过尿液或胆汁排出代谢物的方式被消除。

Mixtures do not lend themselves to kinetic analysis. Because asphalt is a complex mixture, its pharmacokinetic pattern will vary depending upon the properties and interactions of the individual constituents... The long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons constitute major components of asphalt; routes of uptake include inhalation, ingestion, and dermal uptake. Data indicate that following inhalation, hydrocarbons with 9-16 carbons were absorbed in the blood, brain, liver, kidneys, and fat of rats. Aerosols of hydrocarbons with more than 16 carbons were absorbed in liver and lungs of mice... In general, these compounds are slowly eliminated in the urine and feces. The major routes of uptake of /polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/ PAHs in humans are the lungs and respiratory tract after inhalation of PAHcontaining aerosols or of particulates to which a PAH in the solid state has become absorbed; the gastrointestinal tract after ingestion of contaminated food or water; and the skin as a result of contact with PAH-bearing materials... Whole body distribution of PAHs has been studied in rodents. These studies have demonstrated that detectable levels of PAHs occur in almost all internal organs and that organs high in adipose tissue can serve as storage depots from which the PAHs are generally released. In general, these compounds are eliminated by urinary or biliary excretion of metabolites.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)