By means of competition experiments phenylcarbene, generated from phenyldiazomethane, has been shown to be approximately equally reactive to the benzene ring (to form phenylcycloheptatriene) and to aliphatic CH2 bonds, to be approximately six times more reactive to aliphatic CH2 bonds than to aliphatic CH2 bonds, and to be very unreactive toward aromatic CH bonds. These data have been used as aids
作者:Nigel N. Clark、Justin M. Kern、Christopher M. Atkinson、Ralph D. Nine
DOI:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470755
日期:2002.1
Societal and governmental pressures to reduce diesel exhaust emissions are reflected in the existing and projected future heavy-duty certification standards of these emissions. Various factors affect the amount of emissions produced by a heterogeneous charge diesel engine in any given situation, but these are poorly quantified in the existing literature. The parameters that most heavily affect the emissions from compression ignition engine-powered vehicles include vehicle class and weight, driving cycle, vehicle vocation, fuel type, engine exhaust aftertreatment, vehicle age, and the terrain traveled. In addition, engine control effects (such as injection timing strategies) on measured emissions can be significant. Knowing the effect of each aspect of engine and vehicle operation on the emissions from diesel engines is useful in determining methods for reducing these emissions and in assessing the need for improvement in inventory models. The effects of each of these aspects have been quantified in this paper to provide an estimate of the impact each one has on the emissions of diesel engines.
High Pressure Thermal Alkylation of Monoalkylbenzenes by Simple Olefins<sup>1</sup>
作者:Herman Pines、Joseph T. Arrigo
DOI:10.1021/ja01575a036
日期:1957.9
Enantioselective Carbometalation of Cinnamyl Derivatives: New Access to Chiral Disubstituted Cyclopropanes— Configurational Stability of Benzylic Organozinc Halides
作者:Stephanie Norsikian、Ilan Marek、Sophie Klein、Jean F. Poisson、Jean F. Normant
Alkylation-reduction of carbonyl systems. IV. Convenient and selective synthesis of simple and complex aromatic hydrocarbons by phenylation-reduction of aldehydes and ketones