中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1,6-二羟基-8-甲氧基-3-甲基蒽-9,10-二酮 | questin | 3774-64-9 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | emodin-6,8-di-O-methyl ether | 5018-84-8 | C17H14O5 | 298.295 |
Integration of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cDNA is a required step for viral replication. Integrase, the virus-encoded enzyme important for integration, has not yet been exploited as a target for clinically useful inhibitors. Here we report on the identification of new polyhydroxylated aromatic inhibitors of integrase including ellagic acid, purpurogallin, 4,8,12-trioxatricornan, and hypericin, the last of which is known to inhibit viral replication. These compounds and others were characterized in assays with subviral preintegration complexes (PICs) isolated from HIV-1-infected cells. Hypericin was found to inhibit PIC assays, while the other compounds tested were inactive. Counterscreening of these and other integrase inhibitors against additional DNA-modifying enzymes revealed that none of the polyhydroxylated aromatic compounds are active against enzymes that do not require metals (methylases, a pox virus topoisomerase). However, all were cross-reactive with metal-requiring enzymes (restriction enzymes, a reverse transcriptase), implicating metal atoms in the inhibitory mechanism. In mechanistic studies, we localized binding of some inhibitors to the catalytic domain of integrase by assaying competition of binding by labeled nucleotides. These findings help elucidate the mechanism of action of the polyhydroxylated aromatic inhibitors and provide practical guidance for further inhibitor development.
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的cDNA整合是病毒复制的必要步骤。整合酶是病毒编码的酶,对于整合非常重要,但尚未被用作临床有用的抑制剂的靶点。在这里,我们报告了新的多羟基芳香酸酯酶抑制剂的鉴定,包括没食子酸、紫胶原、4,8,12-三氧杂三环己烷和金丝桃素,其中最后一个已知能够抑制病毒复制。这些化合物和其他化合物在从HIV-1感染的细胞中分离的亚病毒前整合复合物(PICs)的测定中进行了表征。发现金丝桃素能够抑制PICs的测定,而其他化合物则无效。这些和其他整合酶抑制剂对其他DNA修饰酶的反向筛选表明,所有多羟基芳香酸酯酶化合物都不对不需要金属的酶(甲基转移酶、痘病毒拓扑异构酶)起作用。然而,所有化合物都与需要金属的酶(限制酶、反转录酶)具有交叉反应,提示金属原子参与了抑制机制。在机制研究中,通过测定标记核苷酸的竞争结合,我们将一些抑制剂的结合定位于整合酶的催化域。这些发现有助于阐明多羟基芳香酸酯酶抑制剂的作用机制,并为进一步的抑制剂开发提供实用指导。